Transcript Slide 1
Internet publishing
Ing. Petr Zámostný, Ph.D.
místnost: A-72a
tel.: 4222
e-mail: [email protected]
Syllabus
1. Introduction – web servers and web browsers
2. HTML – basic page structure
3. HTML – basic constructions, data transfers via FTP
4. HTML - forms
5. CSS
6. CSS vs. HTML comparison
7. JavaScript - basics
8. Graphical data and multimedia - formats (GIF, PNG, JPEG), usage
9. Usability - homepage
10. Usability - navigation, search, JavaScript
11. Usability – web design for handicapped users (lowered sight or movement capabilities, older persons, etc.)
12. Anonymity of internet users, personal data protection, spam
13. Legal and moral aspects - quotation, referring, responsibility for published content
14. Presentation of created projects
http://www.vscht.cz/informatika-chemie
What is needed to pass the exam
Project – make your own website
Evaluation of third-party website
Choose preffered form
One-page written text
5-10 min presentation
Project
Compulsory requirements
Structured document
At least 3 separate documents
XHTML or HTML 4.01 standards
Valid documents (http://validator.w3.org).
Use external CSS.
Use some graphics in separate folder.
Make it available at http://web.vscht.cz/…
Recommended features
Minimize XHTML attributes formatting, use CSS instead.
Follow recommendations for making the pages accessible by
handicapped users (http://www.w3.org/WAI/quicktips/).
Website evaluation
Technical quality
Navigation – placement, usability, logic, ...
Content, information value
Language
Comprehensibility
Use of hypertext
Readability
Structure – is there clear hierarchy of presented information (chapters, lists, tables)?
Grammar
Composition
Objectivity
Graphics, design:
Font size
Colors, contrast, readability
Design quality
Impact of screen resolution, page weight
Impression (subjective)
Information sources
Information systém on ICT
http://student.vscht.cz
Materials for seminars
http://www.vscht.cz/kot/cz/studijni-materialy.html
Webdesign
Jakob Nielsen: Web design
WWW standards
http://www.w3.org/
History of WWW
1950 – Douglas Engelbert – interlinked
documents
1980 – Ted Nelson – „Xanadu“ project
1989 – CERN - Tim Berners-Lee
Software for developing hypertext
documents
Term „World-Wide Web“
Internet infrastructure
HTML, HTTP, URL technologies
WWW – key principles
File (document) transfer, HTTP
protocol
Global document address - URL
Hypertext, HTML
World-Wide Web
WWW server
HTTP request - URL
Client
HTTP response - document
Browser
HTTP protocol
handling
Content parsing,
displaying
Content storage
Static
Dynamic
Uniform Resource Locator
http://www.vscht.cz/seznam/SeznamVSCHT/index.html
HOW?
WHERE?
WHAT?
http://
www.vscht.cz
/seznam/SeznamV
SCHT/index.html
Communication
scheme
Source, server
Identification within
the scope of source
Scheme 1/2
http://
http://www.vscht.cz/kot/cz/index.html
HyperText Transfer protocol
ftp://
ftp://ftp.vscht.cz/pub/antivir/Blaster/FixBlast.exe
File Transfer Protocol
file:///
file:///c|/windows/win.ini
Local file
mailto:
mailto:[email protected]
Scheme 2/2
Scheme is important
ftp://ftp.vscht.cz/pub/antivir/Blaster/FixBlast.exe
http://ftp.vscht.cz/pub/antivir/Blaster/FixBlast.exe
http://ifis.vscht.cz/
https://ifis.vscht.cz/
Browsers complete missing scheme, so that it
works in most cases
Server
IP address
http://147.33.2.8/
Domain name
http://3rdlevel.2ndlevel.1stlevel
http://www.vscht.cz
http://student.vscht.cz
Řád domény
Each domain has own registrar that controls domain
names asignment
Location (path)
Corresponds to the real or the virtual
location of the document in the server file
system
Paths are case-sensitive
http://www.vscht.cz/homepage
http://www.vscht.Cz/homepage
http://www.vscht.cz/Homepage
Content
Static
File system
Permanent
documents
Represent static nonspecific information
http://www.vscht.cz/informatika-chemie
Dynamic
Database
Documents are
generated dynamically
Documents are created
specifically according to
the user requirements
http://www.google.com/search?q=internet
Browser
Browser manages transfers and interprets the content
Common browsers
Microsoft Internet Explorer
Opera
Mozilla Firefox
Safari
…
Webpage
Webpage – document (file) containing text
data and formatting instructions
The formatting instructions are interpreted
by the browser
Standards – a way to ensure the browsers
will understand the formatting instructions
W3C – World Wide Web Consortium
http://www.w3.org/
What does make a webpage?
HyperText Markup Language – HTML
Text
Tags
Formatting instructions
Information about the document structure
References to other data (binary)
<html>
<head>
<title>Title of page</title>
</head>
<body>
This is my first homepage. <b>This text is bold</b>
</body>
</html>
HTML versions and development
Markup language SGML
Standard Generalized Markup Language ISO 8879:1986
2.0 – the first standardized version
3.0 – unimplemented design
Specifications were too difficult for browser
developers
3.2 – Standardized as subset of 3.0 design + selected
browser-specific features that were already
implemented by browser developers
4.0, 4.01 – final version
Cascading style sheets (CSS) used for formatting
Recent web problems
Mixing content and format in HTML
Poor documents structure
Difficult search for specific
information
Potential remedy = XML
XML
eXtensible Markup Language
SGML „light“
Can be used as standard to define other
languages based on XML
Can create content oriented structure
More strict syntax than SGML
= much easier implementation
XHTML
eXtensible HyperText Markup Language
HTML 4.01 restandardized to follow XML
rules
Meets XML standard specifications
But does not require full XML support by the
browser
More strict
Web pages development/coding
Text processors
Notepad, PSPad
HTML editors
HomeSite
WYSIWYG editors
FrontPage
FrontPage
Notepad
HomeSite
Readable HTML code
„Less readable“ HTML code
Editors comparison
WYSIWYG
Relatively easy operation
„Precise“ control of appearance, but poor
platform independence
Problems with standard compatibility
Document is not created transparently – code
cannot be fully controlled
Documents contain editor-specific markup
Editors comparison
Text and HTML editors
Require active knowledge of standards
Full control over the code
Page development may seem more timeconsuming than with the WYSIWYG editors, but
it is not true for an experienced coder