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Future Web Trends
Brian Kelly
UK Web Focus
UKOLN
University of Bath
[email protected]
The Web is great!
Or is it?
This seminar will
investigate
limitations of the
Web and possible
solutions
UKOLN is funded by Resource: The Council for Museums, Archives and
Libraries, the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) of the Higher
Education Funding Councils, as well as by project funding from the JISC and
the European Union.
UKOLN also receives support from the University of Bath where it is based.
How Does The Web Work?
The web is based on 3 protocols:
• URLs: addresses of resources
• HTTP: dialogue between client and server
• HTML: format of resources
The Netsoft
home page
Welcome to
Netsoft
Web Browser
(client)
2
1 User clicks on link to the address (URL)
http://www.netsoft.com/hello.html
2 Browser converts link to HTTP command (METHOD):
Connect to computer at www.netsoft.com
GET /hello.html
3 Remote computer sends file
<HTML>
<TITLE>Welcome</TITLE>..
<P>Welcome to <B>Netsoft
</B>
4 Local computer displays HTML file
Web
server
What's It Used For?
The simplicity of the Web has
resulted in little-used academic
tool (50 servers in early 1994)
now being widely used in a
wide range of applications.
3
Web Problem Areas
What difficulties have you encountered
when using the Web?
What other problem areas can you
envisage?
4
Hands-On Exercise
Now spend some time accessing Web
resources.
Make notes of any problem areas you
come across.
5
Review
What were the problems?
6
1. Searching
• How many hits
did you get for the
term Digital
Library using
AltaVista?
• How useful is this
result?
• Was Google any
better?
7
1. Searching - Comments
Results
• AltaVista gives over
132,000 hits
• Which ones are
important?
• Google gives better
relevance
Developments
• Google uses "citation
analysis"
• Use of metadata, such
as Dublin Core, will
also improve things in
the future
8
2. Web Technologies - Comments
The Flash file format:
• Is proprietary
• Requires a Flash
plugin
• May not be visible in
old browsers
• Text can't be copied
The W3C are developing
an open format known as
Scalable Vector Graphics
(SVG)
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See http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/
3. PDF
Adobe's PDF (Page
Description Format):
• Provides control over
appearance of
document
• Is easily created
• Viewers are freely
available
But:
• Proprietary
• Describes
appearance not
document structure
10
3. Comments on File Formats
CSS:
• Cascading Style Sheets
• An open standard
developed by W3C
• Separates document
structure (defined in
HTML/XML) from the
appearance
• Makes maintenance of
resources much easier
<link rel="style" src="sty.css"
<h1>Heading</h1>
<p>…</p>
Imagine 10,000 HTML files ..
11
http://www.w3c.org/Style/CSS/
body {background: blue;}
h1: {font-family: arial}
p: {font-family: times;
text-align: justify}
With 1 CSS file
4. E-commerce
Would you buy from
an e-commerce site
such as Amazon?
What are the
implications of ecommerce?
12
4. E-commerce Comments
E-commerce:
• Requires trust
• Requires security
• Is there a viable business
model?
Developments:
• Digital signatures
• Public Key Infrastructure
• Athens and Sparta in UK
HE
13
http://www.w3.org/Signature/
5. The Mobile Web
The mobile Web:
• Much hype at present
• Have you used it?
• Is it usable on such a small
screen with slow network
times?
• What about the resources
need to build a WAP site and a
Comments:
Web site
• Resources need to build a WAP
site and a Web site
• Store resources in neutral format
and generate WAP and Web
14
5. The Mobile Web Comments
Store resources in neutral format
(XML) and generate WAP and Web
XML: open storage format
XSLT: Transform XML
XML
XSLT
rules
XSLT
engine
WML file
for WAP
XHTML
for Web
3G promises
multimedia and
faster networks
15
6. Authoring
Authoring Web pages:
• Was easy
• Becoming more difficult as Web becomes more
complex
• More difficult to maintain
For large Web sites there is a need for:
• More sophisticated tools e.g. content
management systems
• Tailoring content for devices?
16
7. Size Issues
Nos. Of Web servers in HEIs
17
Institution
No. of Links
Cambridge
Oxford
Edinburgh
231,339
164,307
125,603
Imperial
Leeds
125,417
99,801
Question Time
Any questions?
18
End of Presentation
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