Transcript Lesson 5
Lesson 5 XHTML Tags , Attributes and Structure XHTML Basic Structure • head and body • titles • Paragraph • headings • comments Document Presentation • Manipulating Text • Font • Font Style • Images • Horizontal Rule Lists • Unordered Lists • Ordered Lists Tags The <html> tag identifies a document as an HTML document. All HTML documents must start with the </html> tag and end with the </html> tag. An xmlns - XML namespace - is also included as part of the html tag. The namespace declaration is considered to apply to the element where it is specified and to all elements within the content of that element. Using <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> will apply the XHTML namespace to all elements within the HTML document. Text Formatting Note that in HTML we have: • Logical Tags • Physical Tags • Alignment and misc. tags Logical Tags are used to format text without specifying the exact appearance of the text. The exact appearance of the text is left to the browsers to define. Examples are the <em> emphasis</em and the <strong>strong</strong> tags. Physical Tags specify the exact appearance of text. The challenge here is to know which browsers support which tags vs. the desire by web designers to have more control on text formatting. Alignment and misc tags are specifically used to give the desired alignment and to display special characters or text. Text effects • <b></b> • <i></i> • <em></em> preferred to <i> • <strong></strong> preferred to <b> Why? some people listen to web pages or read them in braille, while others use a browser that can not display bold or italic. Note: • <u></u> – Don’t use since it looks like a hyperlink HTML has the instructions (tags, speciali characters, etc) and tries to make web pages complaint with current and older Browsers XHTML Uses stylesheets but older browsers don't understand stylesheets Here text is <B>bold!</B> Here text is <U>underlined</U> Here text is <I>italicized.</I> Here text is bold! Here text is underlined Here text is italicized Five is < 15 And 18 is > 8 All ©IBM software is good And this is the & sign 5 is < 15 And 18 is > 8 All ©IBM software is good and this is the & sign Other special characters include the: • <sub> subscript • <sup> superscript • ¼ Changing fonts: <font face=“fontname1, fontname2”>write text here</font> Font is a deprecated tag. Stylesheets Font Style Stylesheets Need to remove Document Presentation from Document Structure Unordered Lists • Unordered Lists – Are lists without any order and are rendered with a line break and a bullet symbol For solid bullets use For hollow bullets use For hollow squares use <ul type=“disc”> <ul type=“circle”> <ul type=“square”> Ordered and Nested Lists • Ordered Lists • Nested Lists To To To To To use use use use use Arabic numerals Capital letters lowercase letters Capital Roman numerals lowercase Roman numerals <ol <ol <ol <ol <ol type=“1”> type=“A”> type=“a”> type=“I”> type=“i”> Review True/False Every XHTML document contains a start <HTML> tag and an end </HTML> True Web browsers typically underline text hyperlinks and color them grey by default False The color is blue Review True/False Every img element in a valid XHTML document must have an alt attribute True The img element is an example of an empty element True Review True/False The hr element inserts a line break above and below the horizontal line True Unordered list element ul creates a list in which each item in the list begins with a square symbol False A bullet symbol unless otherwise specified Review True/False XHTML provides special characters in the form &code; for representing characters that cannot be marked up. True The <blockquote> works almost identical to the <p> except the whole paragraph will be indented one tab - 3 spaces. False 5 spaces