AccessibilityIDs2011
Download
Report
Transcript AccessibilityIDs2011
Accessibility Update
Elizabeth J. Pyatt, Ph.D.
([email protected])
Information Technology Services
Outline
• Current Situation
• Training Opportunities
• Issues for multiple audiences
What is accessibility?
• Ensuring access to online materials
for disabled
Visual impairments
Hearing impairments
Mobility impairments (hands)
Cognitive impairments (largest population)
• Audience
students/staff/instructors/visitors
Goal: Universal Design
“Universal Design”
Designing
for the largest audience possible
regardless of disability or ability
– UMN Duluth Web Glossary
“Universal Access”
“…regardless of disability, location, device or
speed of connection to the Internet”
Accessibility at Penn State
• National Federation of the Blind
Problems identified with
ANGEL, eLion, Elecrtonic Reserves, Clickers
• Captions Required (AD 25)
Marketing Videos (mandated Feb 1)
• Official Websites Accessible (AD 54)
Course Materials?
Notable Guidelines
• WCAG
W3C Consortium
Version 1.0 and 2.0
• 2.0 most recent and includes Web 2.0 sites
3 Levels (level 1 = minimal)
• Section 508
U.S.
Government – under revision to more
closely match WCAG
• ARIA – For Web 2.0
Training Opportunities
• Web Developer Lunch
http://breeze.psu.edu/webdeveloperlunch
Tue
April 19 – Dreamweaver, TABLES, FORMS
in Web
Tue May 17 – Accessible Javascript
• Lynda.com Accessibility Course
Login via ITS Training
• http://accessibility.psu.edu
Key Resources
• Penn State
http://accessibility.psu.edu/ (Penn State Hub)
• iCITA (Illinois)
http://fae.cita.uiuc.edu (FAE Evaluator)
http://firefox.cita.uiuc.edu (Firefox Plugin)
• WebAIM
http://www.webaim.org (WebAIM)
http://wave.webaim.org (Visual Evaluator)
Audience vs. “Guidelines”
• Different types of disabilities…but needs
remain the same across tech
Awillvideo
is a video no matter the technology and
need captions
• Accessibility needs to evolve with new
tech
There’s
no “spec” for Twitter, but we can guess
potential problems
• Accessibility benefits everyone
Everyone will be temporarily disabled
Severe Visual Impairment
• Requires a screen reader to read Web
content aloud
Multimedia,
images need to be described
Not all descriptions need to be hidden
Program
elements/menus/form fields need to
identify themselves properly
• Hidden Audience
Text-based
mobile device, missing plugin,
images disabled, or broken image link
Two Sites, Images Disabled
ALT Tagger in ANGEL
Enter information “Alternative Text” field when uploading images
Testing ALT Tags
• Disable Images
Manually in browser preferences
Firefox
Accessibility Extension (adds
accessibility toolbar)
https://addons.mozilla.org/enUS/firefox/addon/5809
WAVE Testing Web Site (shows ALT tags)
http://wave.webaim.org/
New Apps Screen Reader
Gotcha
• Not all apps and plugins include
information for screen reader
Old
iTunes: MP3 music files were accessible, but
navigation in iTunes was not
Some
users encounter difficulty creating a login!
(esp Flash based interface)
Web
Forms – Need to signal new information
See WAI-ARIA for how to code.
JavaScript CAN be accessible so can Flash…
Online Forms/Menus
• Forms must identify field to screen reader
Iflabel
HTML, then use LABEL tag to match field with
• Menus must announce options
Hearing Impaired
• You cannot hear content
Captions, captions, captions (or transcript)
Some users more fluent in sign language
• Hidden Users
Forgot headphone in lab
Audio cuts out
Can’t find one of 5 volume controls
Poor audio quality (even for normal hearing)
Captions Reveal Information
Caption shows how to spell Cole Camplese’s name.
About Captions
• About ½ students in Phil 12 used
caption option in videos
• External text files can be created for
Quicktime
Flash Video
Video & Audio Podcast on iTunes
YouTube
Streamed Video
iTunes
Captioning
Tools
• Movie Captioner (Mac Only)
http://www.synchrimedia.com/
Installed in the CLC Computing Labs
• Windows Solutions
MAGPie
(Free from
http://ncam.wgbh.org/webaccess/magpie/)
Others for Windows and Mac
Movie Captioner Tool (PSU)
Find Me Some Captions!
• The hardest part is the transcript. Can
you:
Write a script first
Order a transcript/script from a TV show
Buy the DVD (which often has English subtitles)
Pay for a transcriber? NOT a high end skill
Speech recognition an option, but proof text.
Live captioning does require a specialist
Other Tools
• Speech Recognition (Imperfect)
Requires training for each speaker (5 min)
Relies on audio quality
Good for frequent podcasters/lecture capture
Captions should be checked manually
• Commercial Providers
$75-$150 per hour of video
Many
based on speech recognition instead of
typists
Low Vision Users
• May zoom browser 200% or more
Good color contrast (light vs dark)
Fonts
should be extra legible on Web – usually
serif
Avoid
6-8 point text. 12 pt should be minimum
for main content. 9/10 OK for small text.
Text
zooms better than images – Use CSS
instead of images for decorative text
• Hidden Audience
iPhone users
Older users
At 300% Zoom
Which part of content
is an image?
Equation. This is an image
because it was best option
available (and yes, it has an
ALT tag).
A Little Hard on the Eyes
Light gray field labels
Tiny Text (7/8 pt)
Can you see the text?
An entire page in a cursive font?
Check Color Contrast
• Default interface should have good
contrast. ANGEL good…Other tools?
• Tests
http://juicystudio.com/services/luminosityco
ntrastratio.php OR
http://webaim.org/resources/contrastchecke
r/
AAA: All Good (Full Speed Ahead)
AA: Large Text Only (18 pix/14 pix bold)
Fail: Avoid (There is no “A”)
Two Blue Color Schemes
• Minor adjustments can change a
borderline scheme to a good one and
preserve designer intent
AA Level Only
Pale blue #CDF
link text = #058
AAA Level
Pale blue
#F3F6FF
link text = #049
(bold)
Motion Impaired
• Keyboard always easier than mouse
Enable keyboard tabbing on forms
Develop
text-based alternative (esp. drop down
menus)
Keyboard shortcuts
BIG click targets & avoid disappearing controls
• Hidden Audience
Carpal tunnel, broken wrist, essential tremor,
New to mouse, iPhone, track pad…
Screen reader users prefer keyboard as well
Controls for Animation
Keyboard: S = Start/Slow, F = Fast, space = pause. Let’s view animation
Speaking of Flash
• Have you
Stopped
animations/music by default and
given play controls
Checked color contrast? Used legible fonts?
Checked usability?
Made form labels/icons announce themselves?
• Including the play/pause buttons?
Described
animation/images for screen
readers?
Allowed for captioned videos?
Recommendation:
Don’t build 100% Flash
navigation site
Beware Drop Down Menus
• Problems
Hard
for motion impaired users, especially if
they disappear
Hard
for screen reader users unless properly
coded (usually via CSS)
Hard
for cognitively impaired users…unless
entire site menu displayed
• Solution
Text-based
alternate (e.g. Site Map, clickable
main menus)
Cognitive Disabilities
• Interface should be simple and
consistent
Use same language throughout site/tool
Use language audience will understand
Restrict
icons to the basics (e.g. arrow icon) or
label all icons
Provide “Global View” (all options at once)
Don’t hide information too quickly
Let user start/stop animation & audio
Hidden Audience
• Everyone appreciates usability
• Customers often have “simpler”
mental models than developers
Use “Whale” instead of “Cetacean”
Use
“Impressionism” instead of “19 Century
French”
Does everyone know what a “browser” is?
th
• Avoid Icon Trap
What are these icons?
Icons + labels better
Color Deficient users
• Primarily Red/Green (10% men)
Design
so information viewable in black and
white (or grayscale)
Underline your text links
Supplement color coding with shape
• Red X and Green √
• Hidden Audience
ANGEL Quiz Scores X & √
People with a black and white printer
Red/Blue for Warnings
• Use a shade of blue instead of green
for warnings. Blue tends to preserve
itself the best.
Testing Color Deficiency
• Photoshop CS4
Protonopia & Deuteronopia filters
Under View » Proof Setup menu
• View page in grayscale (change
monitor settings)
• Online Color Blindness Testers
http://www.iamcal.com/toys/colors/
http://www.vischeck.com/vischeck/vischeckU
RL.php
Testing New Tech
• Can the screen reader access
information?
• Uploads
Are
captions supported for audio/video
uploads?
Are ALT tags supported for image uploads?
• Default format
Legible text? Good color contrast?
Proper Headers?
WYSIWYG editor generating accessible HTML?