Transcript the Web - Deniss Kumlander

IDK0040 Võrgurakendused I
loeng 01
Deniss Kumlander
Internet Applications
• A twelve-year-old can build a nice Web
application using the tools that came standard with
any Linux or Windows machine. Thus it is worth
asking ourselves, "What is challenging,
interesting, and inspiring about Internet-based
applications?"
• Are you a loser with a big budget, a lot of ugly
graphics, and no traffic?
The World Wide Web
• What is the World Wide Web?
– The World Wide Web (WWW) is most often
called the Web.
– The Web is a network of computers all over
the world.
– All the computers in the Web can
communicate with each other.
– All the computers use a communication
standard called HTTP.
The World Wide Web
• How does the WWW work?
– Web information is stored in documents
called Web pages.
– Web pages are files stored on computers
called Web servers.
– Computers reading the Web pages are
called Web clients.
– Web clients view the pages with a program
called a Web browser.
– Popular browsers are Internet Explorer
and Netscape Navigator.
Internet Applications:
Types, Categories, Reasons
• “Person” to “Person” / cross
domain
None-stop
• Person to web (person place
independency => mobility)
Services
• in between =>
Sharing/Collaborative work
Web-Publishing
• Agents, Applications,
Crawlers
Web(-based) Application
Web Publishing: Think twice
Why are users coming to your site?
• Is user extremely bored and wishes to stare at a blank screen for several
minutes while a flashing icon loads, then stare at the flashing icon for a few
more minutes."
• User wants to look at product brochures
• User wants to look at fancy graphics
(CD etc.)
First of all decide “why you are doing that?” and only then
“what you are going to include”
If you can anticipate user questions and make sure that
your site answers them, you will be a successful Web
publisher.
HP
•
•
•
•
•
Contacts
How to reach
Photo
Details
Sharing information
Company page
• Manual
• How to get fixed
• Maps of service centers
Monitor your page
• What questions are asked by user (email,
search engine etc)
• Automate routine work
• Add information which is constantly
asked/searched etc.
Some advices
• Put up some magnet content.
• Develop technical means for collaboration.
• Be prepared to interact with users
Some advices
• See the web from the users point of view when
planning site's content / navigation etc.
Notice that users normally are not IT nerds
“users don't understand the difference between RAM and disk
and further, that they don't understand the file system or
directory hierarchies “
• Computers/webs etc should simplify users’ life
instead of producing troubles
Draw a Site Map
Draw a Site Map
Is content static or you need to store
previous months’ news?
Avoid “entry tunnel” like “Welcome to
my super homepage”: you should not be
oriented to persons visiting only once;
have links to many services and sections
Plan links and ways back to the main
page (could arrive to a random page
using Google or something like that)
Draw a Site Map
Keep site logic simple/easy to use. If
users start browsing manuals then
something is wrong: do you read
manuals after buying a car?
Structure content: physical location by
physical/logical categories
• /doc/ for documentation on the server itself, e.g., this directory
spec
• /tutorial/ for a textbook for learning photographers, with its own
index page and links from each chapter back to the index.
• /travel/ for travel guides to various photographic destinations.
Multi-document guides with custom illustrations, e.g., maps,
will have their own subdirectories.
• /technique/ for specialized how-to documents, e.g., "taking
photographs of star trails" or "macro photography". Any article
that needs helper drawings will be in a subdirectory.
• …
• /about/ for general credits (a masthead), explanations of how the
site works, editorial/submission policy.
Structure content: other
• Use file names convention
• Avoid dublications: extract similar parts into a
standalone file/include – organise
?: Content independent site
• Keep the site clean:
– ?: text only, “right” colours (Google, blogs)
– hire a graphic designer
“bad graphic design is far harder on the user than no graphic design. ...
remember that nobody will laugh at a plain text site and say "look at these
losers who spent $50,000 on design for a content-free site."
Info
• http://www.w3schools.com/
Lisa:
• http://www.ttu.ee/it/vorgutarkvara/wav3080
• http://philip.greenspun.com/seia/
The World Wide Web
• What is the World Wide Web?
– The World Wide Web (WWW) is most often
called the Web.
– The Web is a network of computers all over
the world.
– All the computers in the Web can
communicate with each other.
– All the computers use a communication
standard called HTTP.
The World Wide Web
• How does the WWW work?
– Web information is stored in documents
called Web pages.
– Web pages are files stored on computers
called Web servers.
– Computers reading the Web pages are
called Web clients.
– Web clients view the pages with a program
called a Web browser.
– Popular browsers are Internet Explorer
and Netscape Navigator.
The World Wide Web
• How does the browser fetch
the pages?
– A browser fetches a Web page from a
server by a request.
– A request is a standard HTTP request
containing a page address.
– A page address looks like this:
http://www.someone.com/page.
htm.
The World Wide Web
• How does the browser display the
pages?
– All Web pages contain instructions for
display
– The browser displays the page by reading
these instructions.
– The most common display instructions are
called HTML tags.
– HTML tags look like this <p>This is a
Paragraph</p>.
The World Wide Web
• Who is making the Web standards?
– The Web standards are not made up by
Netscape or Microsoft.
– The rule-making body of the Web is the
W3C.
– W3C stands for the World Wide Web
Consortium.
– W3C puts together specifications for Web
standards.
– The most essential Web standards are
HTML, CSS and XML.
– The latest HTML standard is XHTML 1.0.