Transcript Web Services - DePaul University

ECT455/HCI513
E-Commerce Web Site
Engineering
Lecture 8
Site Evaluation & Testing
Internationalization & Localization
Web Services
Agenda
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Market News
Site Testing
Internationalization and Localization
Web Services
Projects
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Project Presentation
Final Deliverables
Peer Evaluation
Testing
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Visual Acceptance Testing
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Consistency in layout, color, and style.
Under different browsers, resolutions, and viewing
environments equivalent to those of a real user.
Printed pages.
Functionality Testing
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Links, downloads, navigation, design, publishing
Test all interactive elements (forms, shopping
carts, search engines, personalization, printing)
Test functions with realistic and extreme cases.
Testing
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Delivery Testing (or Load testing)
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User Acceptance Testing
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Simulate site traffic
Test the site on the actual production server
Beta testing
Perform user acceptance testing after fixing
obvious problems
Release and Beyond
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The maintenance phase has just begun.
Testing
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Content Proofing
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Word usage, grammar, poof reading
Product names, copyright dates, and trademarks
System and Browser Compatibility Testing
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Use detailed browser requirements
Use same types of systems and browsers that
real users will have.
Expert Evaluation
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Expert evaluation versus usability study.
Goals:
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To uncover obvious execution flaws.
To identify obvious usability problems
Not a substitute for usability study.
Evaluation
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First impression.
Home page pre-testing
 Identify
 Navigation: clickable zone
Sub page pre-testing
Site navigation testing
 Consistency of placement of navigation, search facility
Task analysis
 Readability
 Findability (browsing)
 Interactivity
Execution analysis
 Up-to-date content; standards for HTML, CSS, XML
 Visual execution: image quality and file size; Delivery: speed and
server capacity
Final impression.
Site Evaluation
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Web Design Complete Reference
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http://www.webdesignref.com/chapters/ch05.htm
Site Evaluation Form
http://www.webdesignref.com/evaluation/site_eval.pdf
User Testing
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Log files
Pay attention more to what users do than to
what they say.
Consider having a person not involved in the
site design process to conduct a user test.
http://www.useit.com
http://www.usableweb.com
Web Site Optimization (WSO)
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The process of reducing website size and
complexity to maximize website performance.
Also include search engine optimization, pay
per click optimization, conversion rate
optimization as part of the overall site
redesign process
Free website speed test
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http://www.websiteoptimization.com
Example (Chicago Care Project)
The project prototype site was tested for speed at
http://www.websiteoptimization.com. The results were good, however prior to the
site actually going "live" it would make sense to try to optimize the download
time. Specifically, one concern was that the number of objects on the first page
was high at nineteen occurrences. Also, the lead page contains thirteen images.
A closer analysis shows that the image size of each one of these images is
extremely low and is used for formatting purposes. The html, css, and
multimedia aspects of the site rated well.
Global e-Business
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Opportunity for expansion
An ambitious and expensive investment that
does not guarantee increased revenue
Potential global businesses must review
expected revenues vs. expected cost
Linguistic and cultural barriers
Choosing an International Market
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Focus time and money in one or two key markets initially
Research competitors and visitors in foreign markets
When choosing an international market consider:
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The number of people online
Internet usage growth rates
Per capita income
The consumers’ expectations of your business
Resources
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Global Reach (http://global-reach.biz/globstats/index.php3
Projections
(http://glreach.com/eng/ed/art/2004.ecommerce.php3)
Obtaining a Local Internet
Address
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.com domain name is the most universally
recognized address on the Web
Domain-name registration in foreign countries is
often complex
May require owning a trademark or incorporating
your business in the foreign country
Organizations offering domain name registration
services:
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NetNames
Internationalization and Localization (D10)
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Internationalization (I18n)
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Localization (L10n)
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Internationalization refers to the software change
required to support different languages, dates and
times, currencies, weights and measures, and number
formats.
Compatible with 16-bit character encoding systems
(Unicode) and other computing standards
Localization is the process of redesigning the user
interface and translating content to support a local
culture.
Best practice: designing internationalization into
a site during initial site design, and then localizing
for specific audiences on the basis of need.
Internationalization and Localization
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Consider downloading capabilities in foreign
markets
Global content
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Regional content
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Refers to information and design that requires
translation, but is essentially the same for all cultures
Product and marketing information that is usually
written once in English and then adapted for various
markets
Local content
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Material on specific regional pages that appears only
on that Web site, such as regional promotions, pricing,
delivery and store or office locations
Internationalized and Localized Content
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Store strings separately from code.
Do not rely exclusively on machine translation.
Hire competent translators
Choose centralized or decentralized localization management.
Be aware of terms and concepts that my not be widely know.
Recognize holidays, customs, and nonverbal communication.
Transform your representation of dates, currencies, weights, and
measures.
Prepare for the varying devices that people use to surf Web
sites.
Understand the local legal issues
Provide tailored services.
Global Format for Different Locales
Number
100,000.00 or 100.000,00
Date
Time
Time zone
Currency
Unit of measure
Phone number
Address
Postal code
Punctuation
March 3, 2005, or 3 Mar 2005
6:04 PM, 18:04 or 18.04
GMT – 8:00 or FMT +02:00
$1, ¥1, € 1, or £1
1 lb or kg
(415) 555-1212 or 098-88-1234
Two lines or four lines
90210 or BYT 123
Hello? ¿Hola?, “Hello,” or <<Hallo>>
Internationalization and Localization
Examples: Ikea, United Airline, Yahoo;
Amazon
Web Services for e-Commerce
What Web Services Really Are
Modular software components wrapped inside a specific
set of Internet communications protocols.
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Underlie applications that run on the Internet
Communicate with other programs automatically
without human intervention
Be deployed for use over the Internet, on an intranet
inside a corporate firewall
Run in a protected environment set up by business
partners
Be written using a wide variety of development tools
WSDL
WSDL
SOAP call
SOAP response
Web Services: Using XML for communication
Web service environment:
1.
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3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Encapsulate the logic of the application logic into a subroutine.
Define the API for the logic using WSDL.
Host the subroutine on a Web server supporting the SOAP.
Publish the subroutine definition to an UDDI directory.
Look up the service in the UDDI directory
Use SOAP to make a remote call from the client application to
the subroutine.
Use the results of the call in the application.
What Web Services Really Are
The development tools can perform a wide
variety of tasks including:
 Automating business processes
 Integrating disparate components of an
enterprise-wide system
 Delivering alerts to individuals about stock
prices and the weather
 Streamlining online trading and buying and
selling
SOA: Service-Oriented Architecture
Describing business functions as services
The Vision of Web Services
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Provide a straightforward and interoperable
means for programs to communicate with each
other over the Web.
Provide directories so that providers can
advertise and users can search for services
Create a market for remote services, such as
payment systems, logistics, and business
messaging.
Knit together disparate applications by the use of
service discovery and negotiation.
Advantages of Web Services
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Based on open and ubiquitous standards.
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Allow creation of business service stacks
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HTTP for communication and XML for information exchange
Work across hardware and software boundaries
Expose software systems over the Internet to create valueadded service stacks by melding discrete Web services over
a network
Standardize machine-to-machine interaction
Publish your service to broad audience without worrying
about custom coding and interoperability issues
Enjoy a broad-based industry support.
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Microsoft, Sun, IBM, Oracle
The open source movement
Remote Procedure Calls (RPCs)
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Based on RPC models
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UDDI standards (for service directory)
WSDL – an XML schema (API)
Web servers and HTTP (binary wire protocols)
New factors
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Remote and less reliable than local procedure
calls.
Built on open standards, leading to wide
interoperability among different
implementations.
Core Enabling Technology
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XML
SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)
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The transport that facilitates the exchange of XML
messages between machines.
Calling conventions for remote procedure calls,
encoding rules for parameters and return values, and
the envelope.
Performs business method requests as XML
documents and supports a variety of lower-level
protocols (HTTP(S), SMTP)
Consists of request and response XML documents that
have an envelope over them.
Core Enabling Technology
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XML
SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)
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The transport that facilitates the exchange of XML
messages between machines.
Calling conventions for remote procedure calls,
encoding rules for parameters and return values, and
the envelope.
Performs business method requests as XML
documents and supports a variety of lower-level
protocols (HTTP(S), SMTP)
Consists of request and response XML documents that
have an envelope over them.
Core Enabling Technology
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WSDL (Web Services Description Language)
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Interface definition language for Web services.
Describe services that are accessible via SOAP and
HTTP.
An XML language that permits standardized description
of Web services.
Describe the interface, semantics, and administrationrelated information of a Web service call.
Allows simple services to be quickly and easily
described, documented, and discovered.
Core Enabling Technology
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UDDI (Universal Description Discovery and
Integration)
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A process not a protocol.
Provides a specification that permits the publication and
location of services in a universal service registry.
Publishes an available service along with its call interface
and semantics/
Provides a discovery and meeting point for service
providers and consumers.
UDDI Specification
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Business information (businessEntity element)
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Service information (businessService element)
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Services relevant to a function or a service category
Biding information (bindingTemplate element)
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Business name, contact details
Network access point, supported interfaces
Specification information (tModels)
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Specification or interfaces supported by a Web services
Data structure
The WS Standards
Examples
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Amazon.com
Auto industry
Web Services -- Limitations
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The HTTP reliance
– “sessionless” or “eventless”
– when one computer interacts with another across
internet
– no ongoing connection between the two
– no memory of the transaction
-- interaction done thru requests/responses but can
not maintain info between requests
Not good for complex transactions – banking,
Use SOAP as a work around
Web Services -- Limitations
Security
– authorization and encryption not basic
-- non-repudiation messy (when company gets
confirmation of PO – can not be undone
Work Around
-- customized systems interacting with untouched
web services at other firms
– messy
-- no standard way to do interface
Work Services Networks
-- an integration hub available thru subscription
Response to Information
Management
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XML provides standardized means for
capturing, storing, describing:
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Information content and structure
Rules and information about how that control s/be
understood, managed, stored, and referenced
How the content is transmitted, transformed
and/or presented
How content is related to each other
Web Services – Top Ten
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Think plumbing between computer pgms to pass
 Data/Content
 Command
Web Services – next logical step in integrating the Internet into the
Enterprise
Standards not really up to par yet – many things need agreement
before it can take off
XML is the heart of web services
Probably org is already using web services but not aware
If implemented well, greatly decreases complexity of system
integration for org
Web Services will be THE protocol for data exchange over the
Internet
Sun Microsystem’s J2EE and Microsoft’s .NET – 2 main platforms of
choice for development
Most Web Services is intraorganizational today
Next growth phase – B2B communications
Public UDDI Registry
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Current status
http://www.webservicessummit.com/News/U
DDI2006.htm
Final Exam Readings
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Lecture Notes
Treese & Steward 2nd edition -- chapters 2, 3,
4, 11, 13, 15
The Design of Sites: Chapters 1, 3, 4, 5;
Patterns D6, D10