Math 0126 Introduction to HTML
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Transcript Math 0126 Introduction to HTML
Math 10126
Introduction to HTML
Gavin Shaddick
www.bath.ac.uk/~masgs
Web addresses
• URL - Uniform Resource Locator
"protocol://address"
• protocol is something like http, gopher,
FTP, telnet
• address is merely the server and pathname
(if any) of a given resource or page
• For example, http://www.bath.ac.uk
What is HTML?
• HTML – “hypertext mark up language”
• a format that tells a computer how to
display a web page in a browser, e.g
Explorer, Netscape.
• The documents themselves are plain text
files with special "tags" or codes that a web
browser knows how to interpret and display
on your screen.
Where do you create HTML files ?
• Any text editor program capable of creating plain
text files e.g. NotePad, emacs, pico.
• Word processor, e.g. Word. If you use a word
processor program then you must save your files
as plain text format.
• Dedicated HTML editor or generator, e.g.
Frontpage
• You cannot guarantee that your document will
appear to other people exactly as it does to you.
Tags
• HTML is composed of tags.
• HTML tags are always enclosed in anglebrackets, < >
• Tags typically occur in begin-end pairs.
These pairs are in the form
<tag> ... </tag>
Begin-end tags
Document tags
• The first and last tags in a document should
always be the HTML tags
<HTML>
</HTML>
• If you were to load such a page into a Web
browser, it wouldn't do anything except give
you a blank screen
Heads and titles
• HEAD
– contain all of the document's header information, e.g.
title
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
• TITLE
– This will appear at the top of the browser's title bar, and
also appears in the history list.
– Will also go into a bookmark list
<TITLE> Document Title </TITLE>
Body
• BODY comes after the HEAD structure.
• Between the BODY tags, you find most of
the stuff that gets displayed in the browser
window.
<BODY>
This appears in the browser window
</BODY>
First web page
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Math0126 - HTML</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
This appears in the browser window
</BODY>
</HTML>
Putting it all together
Comment Tags
• If you want to leave yourself notes in an HTML
document, but don't want those notes to show up
in the browser window
• <!-- Hi, I'm a comment. -->
• you do need an exclamation point after the
opening bracket, but not before the closing
bracket.
• there is no end tag, i.e. </!-- text -->
• This is an empty tag
Headings
• Used to set apart document or section titles.
• There are six levels of headings, from Heading 1
through Heading 6.
• Heading 1 (H1) is "most important" and Heading
6 (H6) is "least important."
<H1>Heading 1</H1>
<H2>Heading 2</H2>
<H3>Heading 3</H3>
<H4>Heading 4</H4>
<H5>Heading 5</H5>
<H6>Heading 6</H6>
Paragraphs
• The beginning of a paragraph is marked by <P>,
and the end by </P>.
<P> Paragraphs can often be far too long, wandering
on with no clear sense of direction or purpose, boring
the reader to sleep and obscuring the point of the
message contained within the text. </P>
<P> On the other hand, they can be pretty short. </P>
<P> Really short. </P>
Line break
• If you want to end a line after a certain word, but
don't want to start a new paragraph
• Use the <BR> tag
• There is no </BR> tag – another empty tag
<P> If you want to force a line break for some reason,
but it doesn't make sense to start a new paragraph,
then you can use the line break tag just as I will do at
the end of this sentence.<BR> See the forced display
on the next line?<BR> How about there?<BR> Or
there? </P>
Style tags
• Everything between <B> and </B> is boldfaced.
• Everything between <I> and </I> is italicized.
• Everything between <U> and </U> should be
underlined; however, see the note below.
• Everything between <TT> and </TT> is in
typewriter text
Hyperlinks
• HREF stands for "Hypertext REFerence”
Have you seen the
<A HREF="http://www.bath.ac.uk/">
Bath home page </A>
<A HREF=“c:\web\example1”> Click here
to see this example </A>
Images
• Images are placed in Web documents using the
IMG tag, <IMG>
• Kept in separate files
• Use a SRC attribute - "source"
• Can be a web address or a file
<IMG SRC="URL of graphic">
<IMG SRC=“c:\web\figures\boatseattle.jpg">
Creating your own home page on
BUCS
• Run the mkhome command on UNIX server, i.e.
mary, midge or ss1
• Creates a basic home page (ie name, postal
address, phone & fax numbers and e-mail
address).
• Home page is called for index.html
• Created in a directory called public_html in your
UNIX home directory
• Also accessible on H drive under public_html
Your homepage on the web
• Once you've created your personal home
page it will be added to the list of all
personal home pages at Bath
• URL: http://www.bath.ac.uk/~username/
• index.html be the first page that opens,
• This facility is provided as a personal
privilege and should not be abused