Transcript Document

Discovering the Internet
Complete Concepts and
Techniques
Chapter 2: Browsing the Web
Objectives
1. Describe a Web site, common Web page
characteristics, and Web servers
2. Explain the role IP addresses, domain names,
and URLs play in locating Web pages
3. Start a Web browser and view Web pages
4. Revisit Web pages using browser and desktop
shortcuts
Chapter 2: Browsing the Web
2
Objectives (continued)
5. Describe ways to save online information for
later use
6. Demonstrate how to change Web browser
options
7. Discuss the risks and safeguards related to
using the Web
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Web Sites, Web Pages, and Web
Servers
• Web sites
– Home page is primary page
– Number of pages varies depending on site’s purpose
and type of content
– FAQ page lists frequently asked questions and their
answers
– A portal is a special type of Web site that offers a
doorway or starting point for browsing the Web
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A multi-page Web site consists of a home page and linked subsidiary pages.
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Web portals can provide a broad range of information and services or can
focus on a specific interest.
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Web Sites, Web Pages, and Web
Servers (continued)
• Web pages
– Designed to attract visitors and hold their attention
– Common characteristics
•
•
•
•
•
•
Logo and name
Images
Links
Advertisements
Search tool
Copyright statement and link to privacy policy statement
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Common Web page characteristics
logo
links
search tool
images
copyright
statement
Chapter 2: Browsing the Web
privacy
policy link
8
Web Sites, Web Pages, and Web
Servers (continued)
• Web Servers
– Browser is a client that
requests resources
from a server
– Server “serves up”
resources upon
request
– Web browsing is
example of clientserver computing
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Web Sites, Web Pages, and Web
Servers (continued)
• Web Servers
– Single Web server can
host multiple Web
sites
– Large Web sites may
span multiple servers
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IP Addresses, Domain Names,
and URLs
• IP Addresses
– A number that uniquely identifies each computer or
device on a network
– A series of four numbers separated by a period or dot
• 198.80.146.30
• Static IP addresses seldom change
• Dynamic IP addresses are temporary
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IP Addresses, Domain Names, and
URLs (continued)
• Domain Names
– A text alias for an IP address
• course.com is domain name for 198.80.146.30
– Domain Name System uses name servers to resolve
domain name to IP address
• Managed by ICANN
• TLD (.com, .biz, and so forth)
• ccTLD (.us, .uk, and so forth)
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Chapter 2: Browsing the Web
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IP Addresses, Domain Names, and
URLs (continued)
• Uniform Resources Locators (URLs)
– A unique Web address
•
•
•
•
http:// protocol
Domain name
Path
File name
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Web Browsers
• Software program used to view Web pages
• Most commonly used Web browser is Internet
Explorer, others include
– Netscape Navigator
– Opera
– Mozilla
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Internet Explorer Web browser
Address box
menu bar,
Standard
Buttons
toolbar,
Address
bar
browser
icon
Go button
scroll bar
display
area
default
home
page
status bar
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Web Browsers (continued)
• Starting the Browser and Loading a Web Page
– Double-click the IE icon on the Windows desktop
– Type the Web page URL in the Address box on the
Address bar
– Click Go or press the ENTER key
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scsite.com/internet/ URL
Chapter 2: Browsing the Web
Address box list
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Web Browsers (continued)
• Clicking a Link and Using Web Page Features
– Links (hyperlinks) allow users to jump to a new
location in the same page, to another page at the
same Web site, or to a page at another Web site
– Web pages offer links and other features that allow
you to view additional information
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mouse pointer on Chapter 2 link
link’s
URL
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link
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Web Browsers (continued)
• Navigating Recently Viewed Web Pages
– Use the Back, Forward, Stop, Home, and Refresh
buttons on the Standard Buttons toolbar
•
•
•
•
Back and Forward – revisit recently viewed pages
Stop – stop downloading a page
Home – reload the default home page
Refresh – request a fresh copy of the current page from the
server
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Stop
Back
Favorites
Home
Forward
Refresh
Chapter 2: Browsing the Web
Mail
Media
Search
Messenger
Edit
Print
History
Discuss
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Using Browser and Desktop
Shortcuts to Revisit Web Pages
• Using the Address list
– Address list appears
when you start typing
a URL in the Address
box
– Click a URL in the
Address list to revisit
the page
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Using Browser and Desktop
Shortcuts to Revisit Web Pages
(continued)
• Creating and Using a Favorite
– A favorite is a shortcut to a frequently viewed Web
page
– Use the Favorites menu or Favorites list in the
Favorites bar to create a favorite
• Add a favorite to the list
• Create a folder in which to store the favorite, if desired
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Create a favorite to a frequently
visited Web page and store it in a
specific subfolder in the Favorites
folder.
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Using Browser and Desktop
Shortcuts to Revisit Web Pages
(continued)
• Using the History List
– Click the History
button on the Standard
Buttons toolbar to
open the History bar
and display the History
list
• List contains URLs for
Web pages visited during
the past several days (20
day default)
• URLs are organized by
day and week into Web
site folders
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Creating a Web Page Desktop
Shortcut
• Use the Shortcut to
Desktop command on
the Send submenu on
the File menu to send
a shortcut to the
current page to the
desktop
Web page
desktop
shortcut
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Saving Online Information
• Printing a Web page
– Print selected
information
– Print the entire page
– Preview the page to
see how it will look
before printing it
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Saving Online Information
(continued)
• Saving a Web Page
– Web Page, complete
(HTML page and all related
files)
– Web Archive, single file
(snapshot of page)
– Web Page, HTML only (no
related files are saved)
– Text file (page text is saved
in plain text format)
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Saving Online Information
(continued)
• E-mailing a Web Page
– Send a page or a link to a page using commands on
the Send submenu on the File menu
• Saving a Web Page Image
– Use the Image toolbar buttons or a shortcut menu to
save a Web page image
– Note that all Web page content, including images, are
protected by copyright law
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save an image
using the Image
toolbar
save an image
using a shortcut
menu
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Saving Online Information
(continued)
• Adding Web Content to the Active Desktop
– Windows Active Desktop feature supports the
display of dynamic Web content on the desktop
– Use the Set as Desktop Item on the shortcut menu
to create an Active Desktop item
• Displays static information when offline
• Displays dynamic information when online
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Changing Browser Options
• Showing and Hiding
Toolbars
– Turn on or off Links
bar and plug-in
toolbars with the
Toolbars submenu on
the Views menu or a
shortcut menu
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Changing Browser Options
(continued)
• Changing the Default
Home Page
– Browser options can
be changed in the
Internet Options dialog
box opened with the
Internet Options
command on the Tools
menu
– Change the default
home page on the
General tab
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Changing Browser Options
(continued)
• Loading Web Pages
Faster
– Turn off the display of
multimedia content in
the Advanced tab in
the Internet Options
dialog box to speed up
the Web page loading
process when you
have a slow Internet
connection
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Using the Web: Risks and
Safeguards
• Is My Computer Protected from Hackers?
– A firewall is hardware and/or software that
blocks outside intruders
• Home computers: install a personal firewall to protect
against hackers
– BlackICE Defender
– McAfee Personal Firewall
– Norton Personal Firewall
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Using the Web: Risks and
Safeguards (continued)
• Will My Computer Get a Computer Virus?
– A virus is a small, potentially damaging computer
program that can infect a computer and then spread
to other computers via
• E-mail
• Downloaded files
• Exchanging word processing or spreadsheet files
– Install virus protection software to protect against
infection
• Symantec’s Norton AntiVirus
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Using the Web: Risks and
Safeguards (continued)
• Is It Safe to Shop
Online?
– Use reputable online
vendors
– Pay via credit card
over a secure (SSL)
connection
– Use a third-party
payment service if
participating in online
auctions
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Using the Web: Risks and
Safeguards (continued)
• Will I Be Exposed to
Objectionable Content
Online?
– Web is a largely
unregulated
environment
• Use blocking software
(content filters) to block
access to unwanted material
• Use the IE Content Advisor
to block access to unwanted
material
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Using the Web: Risks and
Safeguards (continued)
• Is My Personal Information Kept Private?
– Employers have the right to monitor use of computer
equipment and Internet access by their employees
– ECPA and Patriot Act govern what personal
information can be collected by the government
– Look for and read posted privacy policies and
statements at Web sites frequently visited to learn
how the site’s owner gathers and uses personal
information
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Using the Web: Risks and
Safeguards (continued)
• Is My Personal
Information Kept
Private?
– Look for voluntary
membership in
TRUSTe program
which sets rules for
how members gather,
use, and protect
personal information at
member sites
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Using the Web: Risks and
Safeguards (continued)
• Is My Personal Information Kept Private?
– Be aware of cookies
• Text files stored on a computer’s hard drive used by
companies to store information to customize Web pages,
store passwords, track browsing activities, and target
advertising
– Be aware of Web bugs
• Hidden graphics embedded in Web pages that collect
information
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Using the Web: Risks and
Safeguards (continued)
• How Can I Protect My
Privacy?
– Change the privacy settings in
the Privacy tab in the Internet
Options dialog box to control
the type of cookies you accept
– Install software to protect
against Web bugs
– Review Web site privacy policy
statements
– Opt-out of personal
information collection at Web
sites
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Chapter Review
• The Web is a dynamic environment containing
millions of Web sites and billions of pages
• The number of pages at a Web site varies; but
the primary page is the home page
• A Web portal is a special type of Web site that
acts as a starting point or doorway to Web
content and services
• The interaction between a Web browser and a
Web server is an example of client/server
computing
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Chapter Review (continued)
• An IP address is the unique numerical address
of a computer on a network
• A domain name is an easy-to-remember text
alias for one or more IP addresses
• A URL or Web address is the unique address of
a Web page
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Chapter Review (continued)
• Start a Web browser by double-clicking the
browser icon on the desktop or by clicking All
Programs on the Start menu
• Load a Web page by typing the page’s URL in
the Address box on the Address bar and clicking
the Go button or pressing the Enter key
• Use buttons on the browser’s Standard Buttons
toolbar to revisit pages, load the default home
page, and refresh the current page
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Chapter Review (continued)
• Revisit previously viewed Web pages by clicking
a URL in the Address list, by creating and
clicking a favorite, or by clicking a URL in the
History list
• Print, save, or e-mail a Web page to save its
content for later use
• Customize the browser window by showing or
hiding toolbars and by changing the default
home page
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Chapter Review (continued)
• Install personal firewall software to protect a
personal computer from outside intruders
• Shop online from reputable vendors, pay by
credit card to limit liability, and use a secure
Internet connection for the transaction
• Become familiar with Web site privacy policies
and opt-out from information collection at the
sites, if desired
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Chapter 2 Complete
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