Transcript Document

1.4.3
The Internet
…for Work and Home
1.4.3 Specification
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The Internet
as a Business Tool
Be able to discuss the advantages and
disadvantages to the organisation, and to the
consumer, of using the Internet as a business tool
Internet: Business Uses
Use of Browsers for Business
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To keep up-to-date with the cultural world of their field
To see what competitors are doing
Staff could visit related websites
Staff could perform detailed searches using a search engine
Online ordering from suppliers
• Checking the status of orders/accounts
Online management of customer orders (a database)
• … progress reports via e-mail
• … mail shots of special offers
• … confirmation of orders via e-mail
Internet: Business Uses
Use of Email for Business
To communicate by email
• ... using a shared address book
• ... using contact groups
• ... to multiple recipients
• ... using attachments
Internet: Business Uses
Advantages of Email for Business
• The same emails can be sent to all participants at the
same time using an address book/contacts list
• The sender of an email can get confirmation that the
message was opened by each recipient by requesting
automatic notification
• Relevant attachments can be sent with an email such
as the agenda
• The meeting date can be added automatically to
each recipient’s calendar
• The recipient can be notified of new mail
automatically/on the desktop
Internet: Business Uses
Use of Forums for Business
Using an Internet forum or message board:
• Managers could register as members
• ... and submit/contribute to topics (threads)
• ... or communicate via messages visible to all
members (posts)
Internet: Business Use
Use of Videoconferencing
Videoconferencing:
• Each manager would need a webcam
• ... and a microphone
Internet: Business Use
Advantages of Videoconferencing
• The participants do not have to travel to one
location, thereby saving
travel/accommodation expenses
• The participants do not have to travel, so
travelling time is eliminated/the meeting can
be set up at short notice
• The meeting can be saved in digital form and
replayed/used for staff who could not
attend/kept as a record of the meeting
Internet: Business Use
Search Techniques
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The customer could use a search box
The customer would enter key words
. . . about the product being searched for
. . . and follow the links in the list of results
Alternatively, the customer could use
hyperlinks
• . . . or tabs on the website
• . . . to navigate to the appropriate page
Advantages of the Internet
to Businesses (1 of 3)
• Increased customer base through access to
global market as any buyers with Internet
access can purchase products
• Sales 24/7 as buyers can purchase products
unrestricted by shop opening hours
• Greater e-communication with customers via
e-mail, pop ups, online surveys, search engine
referrals
• More effective use of multimedia/interactive
navigation
Advantages of the Internet
to Businesses (2 of 3)
• Can search more competitive prices from
wholesalers globally
• Can respond to market forces faster by
updating the web site, rather than updating
prices manually in a shop
• Increased chance of “accidental” visitors due
to search engine matches and multimedia
advertisements/reviews
• Can build up a substantial database to spot
market trends
Advantages of the Internet
to Businesses (3 of 3)
• Stock efficiencies/increased range of goods
because it is a virtual store, minimising
storage requirements and allowing the use of
drop shippers
• Reduction in overheads as goods get stored in
single/cheaper locations
Disadvantages of the Internet
to Businesses
• Added competition from international
businesses
• More difficult to build up customer loyalty
• Harder for local retailers to survive due on the
rise of online selling
• Sophisticated precautions need to be put in
place to combat hackers, fraud, corruption,
viruses etc, and these require regular updates
• Initial setup costs may be high
Advantages of the Internet
to Consumers
• Access to global market place – can search for
a competitive price (Note the growing number
of websites that compare prices for you)
• 24/7 access to goods and services – not
restricted to shop opening hours
• Can buy whilst in any geographical location
• Can buy goods and services from home,
saving expenses e.g. travelling, parking
• Can buy goods that are not available locally
Disadvantages of the Internet
to Consumers
• Fraud, identity theft and hoax websites
arise
• Time delay before you receive your
goods
• Additional delivery charges can apply
• Cannot judge the quality of the goods
you are buying
Disadvantages of the Internet
to Consumers
• People can become isolated (housebound) –
there is no human interaction online like there
is in a shop
• Requires hardware/software you may not have
• Requires a level of ICT literacy for accurate use
• Businesses may stop stocking products locally,
or the service you require may only be possible
in-store
The Internet At Home
Discuss the advantages and
disadvantages of using the Internet
at home
Uses of home Internet
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Entertainment: Games, movies, sounds etc.
News: feed, browse, push notifications
Social networking and instant messaging
Shopping: buy locally or worldwide
Teleworking: work from home
Smart homes: adjust settings while abroad
Backups and archiving: personal/professional
VLEs: School, University
3G mobile phone app usage: Wi-Fi
Advantages of home Internet
• Greater access to information without have to
leave your home
• Can work form home (teleworkers)
• Greater access to different types of
entertainment (download programmes, films,
music, game systems)
• Online shopping (helps some people to cope)
• Communication is global – social networking,
instant messaging, Skype, email, mobile etc.
Disadvantages of home Internet
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Online information is hard to verify (sources)
Greater access to unsuitable material
Phishing websites (impersonate genuine retailers)
Closure of local retailers, banks and Post Offices
Reduction of social interaction – rise in isolation
Privacy can be compromised – videos broadcast
against your will, difficult to verify who you are
speaking to
Teleworking
How ICT enables teleworking
• Teleworking = working from home
• Telecommunication links (such as broadband)
enable staff to access the company’s
computer system/website from home
• They can access the same customer data and
provide the same help that they could if they
were actually working at the company’s site
Teleworking
How ICT enables teleworking
• Advances in telecommunications
• . . . such as broadband and satellite networks
• . . . enable employees to access the company’s
database remotely/from anywhere in the world
• . . . in exactly the same way as if they were working
on the company’s premises
• Electronic bulletin to keep staff informed
• Electronic forums to keep staff in contact with one
another/the company
• Company intranet to provide policy
documents/commonly used forums
Teleworking
Advantages to the Business
• Reduced staffing costs
• They do not have to provide working space,
dining/toilet facilities etc. (heat/light cheaper)
• They can access a wider employee base
• They can employ staff in areas of high
unemployment, or in areas where people
already have the required ICT skills
• They can work across many time zones
Teleworking
Disadvantages to the Business
• They have less management control over their
employees
• It may be difficult to monitor each employee’s
standard/rate of work
• Employers may find it more difficult to meet their
legal obligations to their employees
• . . . e.g. the physical working conditions
• . . . e.g. health and safety issues
• It is difficult to maintain a corporate ethos
Teleworking
Advantages to the Employee
• They do not have to travel to work, saving costs in
terms of both time and stress
• They can arrange their own working hours
• They can look after young children while working
• They save the costs of paying a crèche/childcare
• They can be more actively involved in the children’s
development
• Enables people in certain circumstances to manage
home and working life, providing an income in
difficult home circumstances
Teleworking
Disadvantages to the Employee
• Less favourable employment conditions
• Inferior working conditions
• Part-time contract/reduced pension rights/no
access to trade unions
• No direct personal supervision/feedback
• No quiet workspace may be available
• No contact with other employees
Internet Issues
Be able to describe issues surrounding
the Internet such as security,
plagiarism and censorship
Internet Security: Issues
• Identity fraud: Personal details keyed in
during a transaction may be intercepted (via
keystroke logging) and used for unauthorised
purchases
• Phishing/fraudulent emails: User asked to
supply personal/banking details via a bogus
email. ISPs offer phishing reporting services
• Viruses: these may be downloaded while
using online services, damaging your data/PC
Internet Security: Issues
• Spyware: attached to programs, they hide and
record passwords etc of the user and used for illegal
purposes
• Spam/junk mail: nuisance, block e-mail accounts.
Can be blocked using ISP filters only partially
successful
• Pirated software: that looks legitimate but is a copy
often containing viruses that damage computer
systems
• File sharing: legitimate file sharing software is often
used most only work efficiently if the firewall is deactivated open the computer to attack
Internet Security: Advice
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Use anti-virus software, updated regularly
Do not open suspicious emails
Do not visit dubious websites
Use passwords on wireless networks
Block pop-ups
Always log off interactive websites
Delete Internet cookies
Set browser security levels
Internet Security: Advice
• Install spyware removal programs (ad-Aware,
spybot)
• Only install licensed software
• Regularly check for security updates
• Do not post personal details onto web pages
• Report phishing to your ISP
Plagiarism
• The vast amount of material on the Internet
has greatly increased the incidence of
plagiarism
• Information about almost any topic can be
obtained with a few clicks of the mouse via
search engines
• Most of the information is free
Plagiarism
• Many people are tempted to “cut and paste”
material and pass it off as their own
• This is difficult to detect as this involves
tracking down the source of the plagiarised
material
• It is such a problem that universities use
special software to detect plagiarism
• The Copyright, Designs and Patents Act
makes plagiarism illegal
Plagiarism
Read: A Cut and Paste Generation
Using plagiarism detection programs, all
coursework gets scanned so that they can
identify information that as been copied or
paraphrased, before submitted for marking
Methods of detecting it can be very clever and
complex; it is difficult to bypass them
Censorship
• Censorship is the suppression of speech or writing
considered to have an undesired influence on society
• It has become more difficult for governments to
control/suppress information as national borders are
difficult or impossible to enforce
• Some websites publish information that some
governments would like to censor
• Residents in a country banning certain information
may be able to access it on websites hosted outside
the country
Censorship
• Some countries have resorted to a complete
ban on citizens using the Internet
• Some countries (e.g. China) use sophisticated
techniques to block specific
websites/portals/forums/blogs
• . . . by blocking or re-directing their IP
addresses
• . . . or by monitoring data packets for words
such as “democracy”
Censorship
• File blocking is achieved by routing all network
traffic via a proxy server that filters any
requests for blocked files
• Blocked e-mails will be re-directed and sent to
the network administrator for filtering
Censorship
Censorship is used for various reasons:
• Political – China: http://tinyurl.com/283znb
• Commercial – ISP controlling access
• Crime – governments are beginning to realise that
full access to the internet is causing legal, political
social and moral problems for society. Therefore a
discussion about types of censorship are opening up.
• Could use blanket filters like “China”
• Restrict access to bandwidth – AOL
• Read this: Global net censorship
Online Transactions
Be able to compare security methods
available with regard to online
transactions – https, Paypal
https
• A protocol used to encrypt sensitive data sent
between client and server
• Indicated by a padlock/key symbol on the
toolbar
https
• Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
• A protocol providing secure/safe Internet
transactions/via a secure web site
• It is used when the information being
communicated is sensitive or confidential,
such as credit/debit card details
• It uses encryption so that the information
being transferred back and forth is encoded
• . . . and will be meaningless to any
unauthorised parties who intercept the data
https
• https is a protocol
• When a user connects to a website via https a secure
session is created
• The website uses encryption
• … for sensitive data such as bank details
• … using a digital certificate
• … which has a private key restricted to the owner
• … and a public key given to the user
• The website must have a Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
Certificate, which must be verified/trusted
PayPal
• Secure financial service
• Holds payment until goods delivered and
quality has been verified
• Money is transferred through PayPal
accounts, not ordinary bank accounts
• Acts as a third party, so a fee may be charged
• Keeps bank details confidential from multiple
sellers if you always go through PayPal
• It is embedded in many commercial websites
such as eBay
PayPal
PayPal
• PayPal safeguards the buyer’s and seller’s
bank details
• The buyer and seller must each have a PayPal
account (…it is set up using an email address
and a password)
• PayPal transfers money from the buyer’s
account to the seller’s account
• … so that the buyer’s confidential details are
withheld from the seller and vice-versa
• Fees are charged depending to whom you are
sending funds
Central Authority
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Central verification authority
Produce digital certificates
Verifies that a web site is who it claims to be
Examples:
– VeriSign
– GoDaddy
HTML
Be able to explain how Internet
pages are created with HTML
HTML
• HTML is a programming language
• … which controls the appearance of a web page/tells
the browser how to display a web page
• It uses special tags
• … to specify the structure of the web
page/header/body
• … to specify the content/multimedia
elements/text/images/tables
• … to set attributes such as fonts/background colour
• … and hyperlinks/navigation buttons
• Style sheets can be created to control sections/pages
HTML
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HTML can be used to create and edit web pages
. . . set the properties of the web page
. . . using tags
. . . insert multimedia elements (text, images, sounds, moving
video clips)
. . . edit the layout of a page
. . . using tags
. . . create style sheets for consistency of style on a number of
web pages
. . . insert hyperlinks to navigate from one page to another
. . . insert frames to a page to split it into different areas
. . . include sections of program code to provide
animation/interactivity
A Web Page
• A web page is just a file full
of plain text
• It uses the extension:
.htm
.html
.shtml
• More advanced sites may
use .asp or .php, but these
just generate the HTML
behind-the-scenes
.html
Website Content
INTERACTIVE
ANIMATION
VIDEO
SOUND
Web Page Structure
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
Tags
<html>
</body>
</p>
<title>
}
These are called TAGS
They use < and >
Closing tags have a / after the <
Open the Intranet home page. Right-click
and select View source. Locate the
<html> <head> and <title> tags at the top
Tags
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<html>
<head>
<title>
<body>
<p>
<img />
<br />
<table>
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<ol>
<ul>
<li>
<hr />
<em>
<strong>
<span>
<div>
Nesting
• It is incorrect to write:
<head><title>Victoria College</head></title>
• Look at your notes. How do you fix this?
Read the remainder of the first page of
your notes and attempt the questions on
the second page.
A Basic Web Page
<html>
<head><title>Smarties</title></head>
<body>
<p>I love Smarties.</p>
<p>They are crunchy and bright.</p>
</body>
Draw a sketch diagram of
</html>
this website on a piece of
paper to show how it will
look in a web browser.
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
• CSS = Cascading Style Sheets
• This is ALSO a plain text file
• It controls how web pages look in a web
browser
• 1 style sheet held anywhere online can be
used for millions of web pages, saving hours
of time in the design process
• A Bebo skin is CSS in action: changing the
appearance by linking a web page to a new
style sheet
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
body
{
background-color:yellow;
}
h1
{
color:orange;
text-align:center;
}
p
{
font-family:"Arial";
font-size:20px;
}
Any web page
which is linked to
this style sheet will
end up with a
yellow background,
orange headings
that are centred,
and the text will be
in Arial size 20px.
1.4.3 Specification
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1.4.3 TASKS
The Internet for Work and Home
TASKS #1
The Internet for Business
1. Describe how the Internet gets used as a
business tool
2. Outline the key advantages of using the
Internet from the perspective of the
business and its employees
3. Outline the consequences for a business if
its Internet connection failed
TASKS #2
The Internet at Home
1. How has the use of the Internet affected
domestic lifestyles?
2. What are the main drawbacks of having an
Internet connection in the home?
TASKS #3
Internet Issues
1. Explain what is meant by plagiarism and
outline its consequences
2. Explain how censors go about censoring
material
3. Outline 4 security issues that exist on the
Internet and describe 1 safeguard for each
risk
TASKS #4
Online Transactions
1. Describe the key features of https
2. Name 3 advantages to a purchaser of
using PayPal as a means of online payment
3. Explain the steps involved in the use of
PayPal
TASKS #5
HTML
1. Write the HTML that a web browser could
use to render a web page that looks very like
this slide
2. Explain how HTML is structured