Transcript Notes on Symbolism, Flashback and Foreshadowing

Notes on
Symbolism,
Flashback and
Foreshadowing
Symbols
» A concrete (tangible) object is used to
represent an abstract (intangible) idea
» Ex: A dove represents peace, but is an
abstract idea (it cannot be experienced in
the physical world), but the dove is a
tangible object (it can be touched/seen)
therefore it becomes a symbol of peace.
» Note: Symbols are usually chosen because
they resemble what they represent in some
way. For example, a dove is a symbol for
peace because it is a peaceful bird.
Denotation and Connotation
» Denotation: exact, literal meaning of a
word
» Connotation: the denotative meaning of
a word, plus suggested meanings that
arise from one’s own experiences and
attitudes.
» Think of the meanings of plump/
voluptuous/obese
» Think of the meanings of thin/lean/skinny
Flashback
» A shift in the narrative form from the
present time of the story to
something that happened in the
past.
» Note: Flashback has a purpose. It is
usually used to reveal more
information about a character or
the conflict in the story.
Foreshadowing
» Hints or clues that are given to lead the
reader to make an assumption about
what will happen later in the story.
» Note: Foreshadowing is usually used to
lead the reader in the right direction;
however, hints are sometimes given to
lead the reader away from the actual
conclusion in order to have a surprise
ending.
Other Terms:
» Epiphany: a moment of realization for a
character in a short story.
» Note: The author will often reveal information
to the reader before the character becomes
aware of it (dramatic irony). When the
character realizes the truth, it becomes an
epiphany.
» Cliché: an expression that, through overuse, is
no longer meaningful or expressive.
» Ex: Live and Learn, What goes around comes
around.
Other Terms:
» Analogy: a likeness shown between two things that
are otherwise unlike.
» Ex: A street light is like a star. Both provide light at
night, both are in predictable locations, both are
overhead, and both serve no function in the
daytime.
» Paradox: a statement that appears to be a
contraction, but upon further examination bares
some truth.
» Ex: “War is peace.”
“Freedom is slavery.”
“Ignorance is strength.”
(George Orwell, 1984)