Transcript Supply
ECON107 Principles of Microeconomics Week 5 SEPTEMBER 2013 Chapter-3 1 5w/9/2013 Dr. Mazharul Islam 3 5w/9/2013 Supply Dr. Mazharul Islam 3 Lesson Objectives Define supply and quantity supplied Explain law of supply and influences of supply Explain how to draw supply curve and make supply schedule Explain how demand and supply determine prices and quantities bought and sold Use the demand and supply model to make predictions about changes in prices and quantities 5w/9/2013 Dr. Mazharul Islam 4 Supply Supply refers how much of a particular good producers are willing and able to sell at a given price during a given period. Quantity supplied refers the quantity of a commodity that producers are willing to sell at a particular price at a particular point of time when other things constant. 5w/9/2013 Dr. Mazharul Islam 5 Supply A Movement Along the Supply Curve When the price of the good changes and other influences on sellers’ plans remain the same, the quantity 10 supplied changes and there is a movement along the supply curve. 20 5w/9/2013 Dr. Mazharul Islam 6 Supply A Shift of the Supply Curve If the price remains the same but some other influence on sellers’ plans changes, supply changes and the supply curve shifts. 5w/9/2013 Dr. Mazharul Islam 7 Law of Supply Other things remaining the same, A direct relationship exists between price and quantity supplied As Price Rises… …Quantity Supplied Rises As Price Falls… …Quantity Supplied Falls 5w/9/2013 Dr. Mazharul Islam 8 Supply Curve and Supply Schedule The supply curve shows the relationship between the quantity supplied of a good and its price when all other influences on producers’ planned sales CORN remain the same. P QS SUPPLY SCHEDULE A Series of Possible Prices …a specified time period …other things being equal 5w/9/2013 A B C D E $1 2 3 4 5 5 20 35 50 60 Various Amounts Dr. Mazharul Islam 9 Supply Curve and Supply Schedule Price of Corn P $5 Producers are willing to supply a good only if they can at least cover their marginal cost of production. The lowest price at which someone is willing to sell an additional unit is marginal cost. 5w/9/2013 S P QS 4 3 2 1 CORN Connect the Points $5 4 3 2 1 60 50 35 20 5 Quantity of Corn o o 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Q Dr. Mazharul Islam 10 A Change in Supply (Determinants or Factors of Supply) Six main factors (determinants) that change supply. These are as follows: Prices of Relevant Resources (Factors of production) Technology Taxes, Subsidies, & State of Nature Prices of Related Goods produced. Producer Expectations on future prices. Number of Sellers (suppliers) 5w/9/2013 Dr. Mazharul Islam 11 A Change in Supply (Determinants or Factors of Supply) Prices of Relevant Resource (Factors of production) Relevant resources are those employed in the production of the good in question. If the price of some relevant resource increases production cost increase Amount of production decrease supply decreases supply curve shifts to the left. If the price of some relevant resource decreases production cost decrease Amount of production increase supply increases supply curve shifts to the right . 5w/9/2013 Dr. Mazharul Islam 12 A Change in Supply (Determinants or Factors of Supply) P Price of Corn $5 4 Increase in Supply S S’ 3 2 1 o 5w/9/2013 Increase in Quantity Supplied 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Quantity of Corn CORN P $5 4 3 2 1 QS 60 80 50 70 35 60 20 45 5 30 Q Dr. Mazharul Islam 13 A Change in Supply (Determinants or Factors of Supply) Technology If a more efficient technology is discovered, same resource can produce more production costs fall suppliers will be more willing and able to supply the good rightward shift of the supply curve. 5w/9/2013 Dr. Mazharul Islam 14 A Change in Supply (Determinants or Factors of Supply) Prices of Related Goods produced For example, if the price of Soybean oil increases to produce more they will hire more resources with bit higher price the corn oil producers will get less resources to produce their products supply of corn oil declines and supply curve for corn oil shifts leftward. Conversely, a fall in the price of soybean makes corn oil production more profitable supply for corn oil increases and supply curve shifts rightward. 5w/9/2013 Dr. Mazharul Islam 15 A Change in Supply (Determinants or Factors of Supply) Prices of Related Goods produced Goods are complements in production if they must be produced together. The supply of a good increases if the price of a complement in production rises (printer vs. ink jet cartridge OR a left shoe and a right). 5w/9/2013 Dr. Mazharul Islam 16 A Change in Supply (Determinants or Factors of Supply) Producer Expectations on future prices. Changes in producer expectations with respect to the future can change current supply. If iPhone suppliers expect higher prices in the future, they may begin to expand their product today and stock current supply decreases supply curve shifts leftward. If iPhone suppliers expect lower prices in the future, they will try to sell all of their products today current supply increases supply curve shifts rightward. 5w/9/2013 Dr. Mazharul Islam 17 A Change in Supply (Determinants or Factors of Supply) Number of Sellers (suppliers) If the number of producers increases, supply increases shifts to the right If the number of producers decreases, supply will decrease shift to the left 5w/9/2013 Dr. Mazharul Islam 18 A Change in Supply (Determinants or Factors of Supply) Taxes, Subsidies, & State of Nature Businesses treat most taxes as costs. An increase in sales or property taxes will increase production costs and reduce supply, supply curve shifts leftward. Vice versa also true. If government subsidizes the production of a good, it reduce the producers production costs and supply increase and supply curve shifts rightward. 5w/9/2013 Dr. Mazharul Islam 19 A Change in Supply (Determinants or Factors of Supply) Taxes, Subsidies, & State of Nature The state of nature includes all the natural forces that influence production—for example, the weather. Any favorable natural forces increases amount of production which turn to increase supply and shifts the supply curve rightward. Any unfavorable natural forces decreases amount of production which turn to decrease supply and shifts the supply curve leftward. 5w/9/2013 Dr. Mazharul Islam 20 Now it’s over for today. Do you have any question? 5w/9/2013 Dr. Mazharul Islam