Transcript Day 14 Presentationsx

THURSDAY, SEP. 29
Start working right away to finish your
presentation! You have 15 minutes to
be ready to go.
Please save your ppt to a flashdrive
and bring it up to me.
Objectives
■ I will explore the contributions of major
anthropologists to help create context.
■ Presentations
■ Review Videos/Questions
What is SOCIETY??
■ As a group, take 5 minutes and draw an image
that represents
What is SOCIETY??
■ Hold them up…
■ They are all different, even though its ONE main
concept
– That’s what THEORIES do.
■ Theories are a way of analyzing the same
concepts, but it’s just a different way to look at it.
Theories
■ In these presentations, you will hear major contributions
and theories
■ There are
main theories you need to know, and then
you can choose other contributions and theories to help
your understanding
– Functionalism
– Structural-Functionalism
– Structuralism
Don’t worry too much about theory at this point… we will
come back to it all over the course of 2 years. This is just
an INTRODUCTION to it. 
Presentations
■ Your Turn
–
Stand in the front
–
Be prepared, follow rubric
–
Speak clearly and loudly
■ Audience
–
Listen respectfully
–
Take notes on the significant parts
–
Listen, don’t just write every word
–
Ask questions at the end for clarification
–
No sleeping, reading, or other homework
Franz Boas
■ 1858-1942
■ German
■ Ethnographic work in N. America: Eskimo, Native Americans
■ First professor of Anthropology at Columbia
■ Considered Father of American Anthropology
■ Great researcher and teacher in all 4 areas of Anthro
■ THEORIES:
–
Cultural Relativism
–
Debunked ideas of racial distinctions and superiorities
–
Different races show equal ability to achieve cultural development
–
Four fields of anthropology
https://study.com/academy/lesson/understandingfunctionalism-in-anthropology-the-works-of-emiledurkheim.html
Bronislaw Malinowski
■ 1884-1942 – lots of health problems in his life
■ Co-founded Social Anthropology with Radcliffe-Brown
■ Polish, British school of Anthropology (American Boasians really liked him too)
■ FW: Pacific Islands, Oceania, Trobriand Islanders
■ Father of Fieldwork: revolutionized it’s importance and made popular
– Record not just big ideas like kinship, but every day life and all actions,
even the mundane, look at individuals
■ “Primitive” societies just as capable as “advanced” ones at cognitive thought
– Ex: Fishing in the waves
■ Theories
– Founder of Functionalism
■
■
■
–
–
all pats work together as an integrated whole
focuses on actions and needs of individuals rather than whole society
explained social change
Doctrine of needs
Father of Fieldwork
1. Bronislaw Malinowski
asserted that culture
functioned to:
A. take care of society before the individual
B. take care of men over women
C. take care of women over men
D. take care of the individual before society
E. take care of the physical environment before man
2. Functionalism asserts that
culture's function
A. is to maintain and uphold the individual and society
B. is to keep man from interacting with nature
C. is to keep men at odds with women
D. is not related to a society's survival
E. is only minimally linked to a society's survival
3. What are the learned
beliefs and ideas that
characterize a particular
people group?
A. biology
B. race
C. ecology
D. culture
E. population
https://study.com/academy/lesson/structural-functionalismand-the-works-of-talcott-parsons.html
A.R.Radcliffe-Brown
■ 1881-1955, British School of Anthropology
■ Co-founded Social Anthropology with Malinowski
– Competed with Malinowski
■ FW: Andaman Islands (Indian Ocean) and Australian Aborigines
■ Didn’t embrace fieldwork like Malinowski did
■ Focused on big picture ideas and theory, not small realistic details
■ Theories
■
Father of Structural-Functionalism
–
Views society as an entity composed of functionally interdependent institutions
–
Example: different parts of the body work together to sustain a living body
■
Individual isn’t as important as the whole
■
Focuses on WHY things are connected, looks at relationships
4. According to structuralfunctionalism, culture
A. exists to separate families
B. exist to meet the needs of the individual before the needs of
society
C. exists to maintain society's structure
D. exists to separate man from woman
E. exists in a vacuum without thought of society's structure
What’s the major difference
between:
Ruth Benedict
■ 1887-1948
■ Hard early childhood: lost father, illness, deaf, isolated
■ Studied mainly under Boas at Columbia (Papa Franz)
■ Proved women had unique perspective and could be taken seriously
■ Fieldwork: American Southwestern Native Tribes- Serrano, Zuni, Pima,
Apache, Plains Indians
■ WWII: Wrote about Japanese and German culture for the Office of War
Information
– One of the first to apply anthropology to modern societies, not just
traditional
■ Theories
– National character of various cultural groups (Ex: Japanese)
– Focused on patterns, values, and beliefs, not just history of a group
– Stressed importance of fieldwork
Margaret Mead
■ 1901-1978
■ Early childhood: learned to observe and write things down
■ Columbia: Met Boas and Benedict
■ Fieldwork: Samoa, and the South Pacific
■ Popularized the discipline: clear writing, applied to US culture
■ Applied principles of anthropology to world problems: hunger, education, etc.
■ Theories
–
Culture plays just as strong a role in adolescent behavior than biology
–
Personality Traits (especially between men and women) are shaped by culture
rather than heredity
–
Gender roles are societal, not biological
Claude Levi-Strauss
https://study.com/academy/lesson/structuralism-and-theworks-of-levi-strauss.html
■ 1908-2009, French
■ French Cultural Mission to Brazil
■ Returned to France, fought in WWII, Maginot Line
■ FW: Brazil, Amazon
■ Focused on Kinship, and also myth and linguistics
■ Father of Modern Anthropology
■
Theories:
–
Father of Structuralism:
■
Culture is a system with underlying structures that are common to all societies
regardless of their differences
■
Universal patterns in cultural systems (like behavior and thought) are products of
structure of human mind and are universal to all societies
■
Rejected the concept of primitive and modern mind, arguing that all men have the
same intellectual potential
■
Binary Opposition
5. Structuralism asserts
that human culture
A. is part expression but mostly determined by environment
B. is completely dictated by environment
C. has everything to do with genetic mutation outside the human
mind
D. is just an expression of the underlying structures of the human
mind
E. has nothing to do with the human mind
6. Within anthropology,
Structuralism is an approach
used to
A. analyze pollution
B. analyze vegetation
C. analyze different diseases
D. analyze genetic mutations
E. analyze culture
7. Who is credited with the
development of
structuralism?
A. Meade
B. Darwin
C. Levi-Strauss
D. Boas
E. Benedict
Clifford Geertz
■ 1926-2006
■ 2 years in Navy in WWII- GI Bill to go to Harvard eventually
■ Strong humanities and literature influence = writing was unique
■ Father of symbolic or interpretive anthropology
■ FW: Indonesia and Morocco
■ Concerned about objectivity of fieldwork and ethnography
■ Theories:
–
Thick Description: behavior AND its context
–
Goal is to understand other’s understandings
–
Study not what things do but what they mean
–
Methodology is to examine public meaning through symbols
Review: 3 Main Theories
Functionalism
■ Society functions to meet needs of individual
■ Malinowski
Structural-Functionalism
■ Society functions to meet needs of society first
■ Radcliffe-Brown
Structuralism
■ Humans act as we do because of the actual structure of the human brain
■ Levi-Strauss
Where do they go??
Boas
Mead
Malinowski
Levi-Strauss
Benedict
Geertz
■ Place the following phrases under
which anthropologist they go to
Where do they go??
■ Father of Functionalism
■ National character of a nation
■ Culture comes from structure of human
mind
■ Co-founded British School with
Malinowski
■ Thick Description
■ Father of Symbolic Anthropology
■ Ideas of Cultural Relativism
■ Made fieldwork more popular and
important
■ Popularized the discipline with
clear writing
■ Proved women had a unique voice in
social sciences
■ Father of Structuralism
■ Father of American Anthropology
■ Gender Roles are societal, not biological
Next Class:
■ If you have it, bring “The Spirit Catches You and You Fall
Down”
■ HW: Spend 20 minutes reading about Hmong Culture. What
do they value? Features of their culture that are the same or
different than you?