Transcript 331 Core Definitions and Perspectives PowerPoint

Culture and
the Individual
Culture, Anthropology and Psychology
Disciplines
• Anthropology
Culture and Personality
Psychological Anthropology
• Psychology
Cross-Cultural Psychology
• Education
• Interdisciplinary/Multidisciplinary
Cultural Psychology
Key Terminology
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Culture
Personality
Society
Biology
Ecology
Diversity
Universal traits
Culture Specific Traits
Culture
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Abstract
Learned
Shared
Rules/Standards/Templates
Generating Behavior
Understanding experience
Culture
Culture is the abstract, learned,
shared rules/standards/templates
used to generate behavior and to
interpret experience.
Personality
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Characteristics of individuals
Genetics
Socialization
Enculturation
Life experience
Ongoing interaction
Personality
• Personality is the characteristics
of an individual arising from the
ongoing interaction of genetics,
socialization, enculturation and
life experience.
Society
A group of people using a
shared culture
Biology
• Anatomy
• Physiology
• Genetics
Epigenetics
• Epigenetics
• Environmental on/off
switches
• Regulatory Genes
vs Structural Genes
• Environmental
learning
• Imprinting
Ecology
• Environment
• Subsistence strategy
• Subsistence technology
Diversity Terminology
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Race
Ethnicity
Cross Cultural
Cross Ethnic (Multicultural)
Cross National
First, Second, Third World
Developed, Developing
Traditional, Modern
Peripheral, Core
Race
An arbitrary social category used for
purposes of discrimination.
Ethnicity
A group with which one chooses to identify
on the basis of shared ancestry or
heritage.
Universal Traits
Traits that all humans have
Culture Specific Traits
Traits that only occur in a particular culture or
particular type of culture
Key Terminology
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Absolutism
Relativism
Ethnocentrism
Cultural Relativism
Reductionist
Determinist
Absolutism
Belief that things are what they are without
regard for their context/environment.
Relativism
Belief that things differ depending on the
context/environment in which they are
found/grow/develop.
Ethnocentrism
Judging another culture using your own
culture’s rules and standards.
Cultural Relativism
Judging another culture using its own
rules and standard’s.
Reductionist
Trying to explain complex phenomena using
single, simple explanations.
Eg. Determinism
Determinism
•Environmental Determinism
•Economic Determinism
•Ecological Determinism
•Sociopolitical Determinism
•Biological Determinism
Levels of Analysis
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Population Level
Community
Family
Individual level
• Socialization
• Enculturation
• Acculturation
Socialization
The process of learning when content is
consciously taught by others within the
society.
Enculturation
The process of absorbing the culture(s) in
which an individual is raised.
Acculturation
The process of acquiring a culture other
than the one in which an individual was
raised.
Processes in the Individual
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Ontogeny
Perception
Emotion
Cognition
Learning
Ontogeny
The process of growth and development in
an individual organism
Perception
The process of detecting and interpreting
stimuli from the outside world
Emotion
The conscious experience of a feeling or
state which leads to both internal and
external reactions
Cognition
Thought processes
Learning
The process of acquiring and
storing information