Anthropolgoy
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Transcript Anthropolgoy
Chapter 1, The Study of Humanity
Key Terms
anthropology
The academic discipline that studies all of
humanity from a broad perspective.
biological/physical anthropology
Concerned with the biological evolution of the
human species, the behavior and anatomy of
monkeys and apes and the physical variations
among and between different human
populations.
primatology
Study of the evolution, anatomy, social
behavior and adaptation of primates.
paleoanthropology
The study of the evolution of the human
species.
human variation
Study of how and why human populations vary
physically.
forensic anthropology
Specialists in this area work for or consult with
law enforcement agencies to analyze and help
identify human skeletal remains.
archaeology
The study of the human past by excavating
and analyzing material remains.
prehistoric archaeology
Study of cultures that lived before the
development of writing.
historic archaeology
Supplements written records with excavations
of houses, stores, plantations, factories and
other historic structures.
cultural resource management
A field of anthropology that includes locating
sites of prehistoric and historic significance,
evaluating their importance and making
recommendations about total or partial
preservation.
contract archaeology
Firms in this field bid competitively for the
privilege of locating, excavating and reporting
on sites affected or destroyed by construction.
cultural anthropology
The study of contemporary and historically
recent human societies and cultures.
fieldwork
Moving into the community under study,
communicating in the local language and living
in close contact with the people.
ethnography
A written account of how a single human
population lives.
anthropological linguistics
Concerned with the complex relations between
language and other aspects of human behavior
and thought.
applied anthropology
Applying the study of anthropology to solving
human problems.
medical anthropologist
Investigate the interactions between and
among human health, nutrition, social
environment and cultural beliefs and practices.
development anthropologist
Provide information on communities that help
agencies adapt projects to local conditions and
needs.
educational anthropologist
Work in public agencies and private institutions
to advise on educational issues and observe
classrooms.
corporate anthropologist
Advise executives and sales staff on what to
expect and how to speak and act when they
conduct business in other countries.
holistic perspective
No aspect of a culture can be understood
without exploring its relation to aspects of the
culture.
comparative perspective
General ideas about humans or human
societies or cultures must be tested from a
comparative perspective.
cultural relativism
No culture is inherently superior or inferior to
any other culture.
ethnocentrism
The belief that moral standards, manners and
attitudes of one's own culture are superior to
those of other cultures.