Transcript Class Slides Set #13B

Oligocene Anthropoids
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 196
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 103
“Anthropoids”
= all living and extinct
monkeys, apes and humans
Anthropoids
Oligocene
Anthropoids
General Features / Trends of Apes / Humans
2. “Dental apes”
prospered during the
Oligocene
General Features / Trends of Apes / Humans
Dental apes are “apes”
with monkey-like bodies
who did not hang or
swing
“Times to Remember” WebPage
Oligocene Anthropoids
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 196
Major site
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 195
Oligocene
El Fayum:
Parapithecus
• squirrel monkeys with teeth
that associate them more with
Old World monkeys
Parapithecus
Oligocene
El Fayum:
Parapithecus
Propliopithecus
• a small gibbon-like ape
Propliopithecus
Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 179
Oligocene
El Fayum:
Parapithecus
Propliopithecus
Aegyptopithecus
Oligocene Anthropoids
Aegyptopithecus zeuxis
–Oligocene “dental ape”
–largest of the Fayum anthropoids
• ca. the size of a howler monkey
• 13 – 20 pounds
Oligocene Anthropoids
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 196
Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 188
Aegyptopithecus zeuxis
Aegyptopithecus zeuxis
Aegyptopithecus
Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 180
Aegyptopithecus
Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 180
Aegyptopithecus zeuxis
Aegyptopithecus
Oligocene Anthropoids
Aegyptopithecus
–is important because it bridges
the gap between the Eocene
fossils and the Miocene
hominoids
Oligocene Anthropoids
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 196
General Features / Trends of Apes / Humans
3. True apes that
brachiated probably
originated in the Early
Miocene
ca. 20 – 17 mya
General Features / Trends of Apes / Humans
“Only after the evolution
of arboreal suspension . . .
would the modern
meaning of the term ape
have been applicable.”
Campbell-Loy, p. 195
General Features / Trends of Apes / Humans
All living apes
show forelimb-dominated
locomotion
(They climb, swing, or hang about by
their arms -- “brachiation”)
Next: Miocene Hominoids
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 196