Transcript An Introduction to Anthropology

An Anthropological Approach to
Curriculum
Arash Rastegar
Sharif University of Technology
Ministry of Science and Technology
Confucius
Layers of existence
• Tao Essence: truth
• Spirit: Knowledge
• Heart: Faith
• Soul: Educate
• Body: Action
Human is alone
• Common
• Immortal
• Inward Communication with
spirits
• Outward communication
• Outward communication
Confucius’ anthropology suggests
a curriculum in which
• Mathematics
is a spiritual knowledge which is an image of truth and
incarnates in humanities, natural sciences and sports.
• Natural Sciences and sports
are in service of well-being of humans.
• Humanities
are for cleaning the heart.
• Religion
is the science of influence from upper layers of
existence to lower layers.
Buda
Layers of existence
• Krishna
• Brahman
• Atman
• Self
• Body
Everything is a human
• Truth
• Annihilation-transpersonal
• Social spirit
• Social self
• personal
Buda’s anthropology suggests
a curriculum in which
• Mathematics
is knowledge of social spirit.
• Natural Sciences
are in fact part of humanities.
• Humanities
are in the service of transcendence.
• Religion
is the same as humanities and is the science of
transcendence from lower layers of existence to higher
levels.
• Sports
are in the service of transcendence from body to soul.
Zartosht
Layers of existence
Human parallel to universe
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Ahouramazda
Divine wisdom
Social soul
Personal soul
Body
Human Layers
• Wisdom
• Soul
• Body
Eternal
First creation
Soul of creation
Perfect Human: Zoroastria
Universe Layers:
By Superposition
• Wisdom
• Soul
• Body
Zartosht’s anthropology suggests
a curriculum in which
• Mathematics
is a knowledge in the realm of wisdom and incarnates in
humanities and sports, as well as natural sciences.
• Natural Sciences
are an image of humanities.
• Humanities
are an image of the realm of wisdom.
• Religion
is the science of transcendence of human and flow of truth.
• Sports
are in the service of health of our body and related to natural
sciences.
Pythagoras
Layers of existence
• Spirit
• Soul
• Body
Human is divine
Human
• Spirit
• Soul
• Body
God
• Universal spirit
• Soul: Mathematical thoughts
• Body: Creation
• Immortal
• Feelings
• Material: Atomism-Monad
Pythagoras’ anthropology suggests
a curriculum in which
• Mathematics
is the thoughts of God.
• Natural Sciences
and nature are made of mathematics and all could be
understood by numbers.
• Humanities
are the knowledge of feelings and thoughts and is governed
by mathematics, like music.
• Religion
is the science of transcendence.
• Sports
are hardship for the education of the soul.
Plato
Layers of existence
• Wisdom: immortal
• Spirit or Soul
• Body
Human-Universe isomorphic
• Global Wisdom
• Spirit or Soul: universal
• Body
• Human communication:
in all layers
• Communication with
human: in all layers
Plato’s anthropology suggests
a curriculum in which
• Mathematics
is a tool for education of wisdom and understanding nature.
• Natural Sciences
are an image of wisdom and philosophy and could be understood by
mathematics.
• Humanities
are an image of wisdom and philosophy.
• Religion
is the science of projection from higher levels of existence to lower
levels of existence.
• Sports
are in the service of health and mind, and are correlated with natural
sciences.
Aristotle
Human layers of existence
• Soul
Human soul
Animal soul
Vegetal soul
• Spirit
• Body
Universal layers of existence
• God
• Initial Wisdom
• Nature: realm of
communication
Aristotle’s anthropology suggests
a curriculum in which
• Mathematics
is part of our knowledge in our spirit and is governed by the natural
logic which is planted in our minds and is the same for every human
being.
• Natural Sciences
is divided to vegetal life and animal life and human life and study of
dead material.
• Humanities
are about human soul and human life of humans.
• Religion
is the science of transcendence of knowledge but not human.
• Sports
are in service of health of body and communication. Since body is
the realm of communication.
Kendi
Human layers of existence
• Soul or spirit:
Realm of communication
Wisdom-Mind-Feeling
• Body
Universal layers of existence
• Wisdom
• Soul or spirit
• Nature
Kendi’s anthropology suggests
a curriculum in which
• Mathematics
is a science in the realm of personal soul and universal soul and is a
means of communication in the realm of soul of universe. It is the
image from the universal wisdom through the universal soul.
• Natural Sciences
are in connection with soul of universe.
• Humanities
are the realm of human communication through the soul of universe.
• Religion
is the science of communication with the universe through the soul
of universe.
• Sports
are in connection with the personal soul and also nature through the
universal soul.
Farabi
Human layers of existence
• Soul or spirit:
Realm of communication
Classification of forces
• Body
Universal layers of existence
• Wisdom
11 layers of existence
• Soul or spirit
• Nature
Farabi’s anthropology suggests
a curriculum in which
• Mathematics
is a science in the realm of personal soul and universal soul and is a means
of communication in the realm of soul of universe. It is the image from the
eleven layers of wisdom projecting layer by layer through the universal
soul until it reaches the personal soul.
• Natural Sciences
are the image of realms of wisdom through the soul of universe.
• Humanities
are the realm of human communication through the soul of universe.
• Religion
is the science of communication with the universe through the soul of
universe and transcendence to the higher realm of wisdom.
• Sports
are in connection with the personal soul and also nature through the
universal soul or higher levels of existence which are realms of wisdom.
Avicenna
Human layers of existence
• Wisdom
11 layers of existence
• Soul or spirit:
Human soul
Classification of powers
Animal soul
Classification of powers
Vegetal soul
Classification of powers
• Body
Universal layers of existence
• Wisdom
11 layers of existence
• Universal Soul or spirit
• Nature
Avicenna’s anthropology suggests
a curriculum in which
• Mathematics
is a science in the realm of human soul which project to human body, and is
projected from the realms of wisdom which are several and project also to
the realm of universal soul and then nature.
• Natural Sciences
are the image of realms of wisdom through the soul of universe or the
personal soul which live inside the soul of universe.
• Humanities
are the realm of human communication via human soul, animal soul and
vegetal soul, through the soul of universe.
• Religion
is the science of communication of human soul with the universe through
the soul of universe and transcendence to the higher realm of wisdom.
• Sports
are in connection with the vegetal and animal soul and also nature through
the universal soul or higher levels of existence which are realms of
wisdom.
Alhazen
Human layers of existence
• Soul
Human soul
Animal soul
Vegetal soul
• Spirit
• Body
Human is part of nature
Universal layers of existence
• Nature:
Independent of Human
Alhazen’s anthropology suggests
a curriculum in which
• Mathematics
is the language of understanding nature.
• Natural Sciences
is the science of understanding nature and human body which is part
of nature.
• Humanities
• Is the science of understanding human spirit which is governed by
human soul, animal soul and vegetal soul.
• Religion
is the science of communication with nature and preparation of the
spirit for this communication.
• Sports
are for health of human body and show up in the nature of human
body as part of nature.
Ghazzali
Human layers of existence
• Essence, wisdom, spirit,
heart, soul
• Body
Human is image of God
Universal layers of existence
• Wisdom
• Soul or spirit
• Nature
‫• جبروت‬
‫• ملکوت‬
‫• ملک‬
Ghazzali’s anthropology suggests
a curriculum in which
• Mathematics
is part of wisdom which is projected to our essence. Wisdom helps
us understand nature, universal soul and universal wisdom and
human essence.
• Natural Sciences
are governed by universal soul and universal wisdom.
• Humanities
are the science of understanding the human essence and how all the
layers of truth are projected in it.
• Religion
is the science of how human is the image of God.
• Sports
are for the health of body and ease of essence.
Ibn-Roshd
Human layers of existence
• Soul
Human soul
Animal soul
Vegetal soul
• Spirit
• Body
Universal layers of existence
• God
• Initial Wisdom
• Nature: realm of
communication
Ibn-Roshd’s anthropology suggests
a curriculum in which
• Mathematics
is a spiritual knowledge and its role is understanding the nature so that this
be part of human understanding of the truth. It exists and works because
nature is the image of wisdom and wisdom is the image of God’s essence.
• Natural Sciences
are the images of wisdom and wisdom is the image of God’s essence.
Therefore mathematics is the language of natural sciences.
• Humanities
are in service of transcending the truth to the human soul.
• Religion
is the science of how truth projects down through layers of existence and
then transcends through human soul.
• Sports
are in the service of human health and human health is in the service of
human spirit.
Sohrevardi
Human layers of existence
Universal layers of existence
• Light
many layers of existence
• Soul or spirit
light or darkness
Avicenna’s classification
• Light
many layers of existence
• Universal Soul or spirit
also light
Towards light
Towards darkness
• Body
• Darkness
Sohrevardi’s anthropology suggests
a curriculum in which
• Mathematics
like any other human science is light and it is projected from deeper
lights and its role is to transcend the light.
• Natural Sciences
are to discover light which is projected to the material world.
• Humanities
are to help light to transcend inside human towards its origin.
• Religion
is the science of how light is projected towards darkness and how it
transcends inside human being.
• Sports
are escapement of the soul from darkness towards light.
Ibn-Arabi
Human layers of existence
• Light
many layers of existence
Universal layers of existence
• Light
many layers of existence
Human is a mirror of God’s
names
Human is the spirit of
universe
Ibn-Arabi’s anthropology suggests
a curriculum in which
• Mathematics
like any other human science is light and it is projected from deeper lights
and its role is to transcend the light. It is a realm of existence in human and
universe which is projected from deeper layers of light.
• Natural Sciences
nature of human is a summary of and analogous to the global nature, and is
an image through several layers of light.
• Humanities
are the same as anthropology and are the science of understanding light
from within and understanding how human is the soul of universe.
• Religion
is the science of understanding how light works in the universe.
• Sports
are the science of how to treat light in the material world.
Nasireddin Toosi
Human layers of existence
Universal layers of existence
• Wisdom
• Wisdom
• Soul or spirit:
Essence or personality
Human soul
Classification of powers
Animal soul
Classification of powers
Vegetal soul
Classification of powers
• Body
• Soul
• Nature
Nasireddin Toosi’s anthropology
suggests a curriculum in which
• Mathematics
is a science in the realm of human soul which project to human body, and is
projected from the realm of universal wisdom and project also to the realm
of universal soul and then nature.
• Natural Sciences
are the image of realm of wisdom through the soul of universe or the
personal soul which live inside the soul of universe.
• Humanities
are the science of human communication via human essence, human soul,
animal soul and vegetal soul, through the soul of universe.
• Religion
is the science of how the truth and layers of existence are projected in
human being.
• Sports
are in connection with the vegetal and animal soul and also nature through
the universal soul or universal wisdom.
Molla-Sadra
Human layers of existence
• many layers of existence
Universal layers of existence
• many layers of existence
• Wisdom
• Soul
• Body
• Wisdom
• Soul
• Body
Molla-Sadra’s anthropology suggests
a curriculum in which
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Mathematics
is a science in the realm of human wisdom which project to human soul and body,
as is projected from the realm of universal wisdom to universal soul and universal
body. This is why it works.
Natural Sciences
are the image of realm of universal wisdom through the soul of universe on the
universal body.
Humanities
are the science of human communication and the science of human communication
with universe via body, soul and wisdom.
Religion
is the science of how human and universe are the mirrors of truth, and how human
is supposed to be educated so that its layers of existence work analogous to the
layers of existence of universe.
Sports
are part of our life in the realm of personal body which is interrelated with our soul
and wisdom.
Saint Agustine
Human layers of existence
• Essence, wisdom, spirit,
heart, soul: Global concepts
• Body :Feeling
Human could incarnate
through history
Universal layers of existence
• Wisdom
• Soul or spirit
• Nature
Saint Agustine’s anthropology
suggests a curriculum in which
• Mathematics
is the language of global understanding and is part of wisdom which is
projected to our essence. Wisdom helps us understand nature, universal
soul and universal wisdom and human essence.
• Natural Sciences
are governed by universal soul and universal wisdom. Concepts in natural
sciences are local.
• Humanities
are the science of understanding the human essence and how all the layers
of truth are projected in it. Humanities deal with global human concepts.
• Religion
is the science of how church is the incarnation of Christ in humanity.
• Sports
are for the health of body and ease of feelings. Feelings are also part body.
Saint Thomas Aquinas
Human layers of existence
• Soul
Human soul
Animal soul
Vegetal soul
• Spirit
• Body
Humanity is incarnation of
Christ in history
Universal layers of existence
• God
• Initial Wisdom
• Nature
Saint Thomas Aquinas’ anthropology
suggests a curriculum in which
• Mathematics
is part of our knowledge in our spirit and is governed by the natural logic
which is planted in our minds and is the same for every human being
because they are created through initial wisdom.
• Natural Sciences
is divided to vegetal life and animal life and human life and study of
material life all kept alive by God through the initial wisdom.
• Humanities
are about incarnation of Christ in human history, and are about human
communication with human and initial wisdon.
• Religion
is the science of how Christ could incarnate in world of creation as
humanity. Soul is the realm of communication with initial wisdom.
• Sports
are in service of health of body and spirit.
A Suggested Hierarchy
Human layers of existence
• Essence
• Light
• Wisdom
• Spirit
• Heart
• Soul
• Body
Universe layers of existence
• Essence
• Light
• Wisdom
• Spirit
• Heart
• Soul
• Body
Suggested hierarchy’s anthropology
suggests a curriculum in which
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Mathematics
is a science in the realm of human wisdom which project to all lower layers, as is
projected from the realm of universal wisdom to all lower universal layers. This is
why it works.
Natural Sciences
are the image of truth through the universal layers of existence on the universal
body.
Humanities
are the science of human communication and the science of human communication
with universe via all layers of existence.
Religion
is the science of how human and universe are the mirrors of truth, and how human
is supposed to be educated so that its layers of existence work analogous to the
layers of existence of universe and become correlated.
Sports
are part of our life in the realm of personal body which is interrelated with all layers
of our existence.
Does our curriculum suggest any
anthropology?
In our curriculum all the following are separate and not correlated:
• Mathematics
• Natural Sciences
• Humanities
• Religion is defending itself against others.
• Sports
Question:
• What is the meaning of pairs in each of the above anthropologies
and what will the role of fathers and mothers be according to them.
They must be educated according to the role they are supposed to
play.
• See that what an opportunity we are missing!