Transcript Homo habilis - Homework Market

The Origins and
Evolution of Early Homo
E S S E NT I A L S O F
PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
SECOND EDITION
CLARK
SPENCER
LARSEN
CHAPTER
11
Chapter Objectives
1. Explain how H. habilis differs from the australopithecines.
2. Define the species H. rudolfensis.
3. Explain the relationship between tool use and increased
intelligence in both H. habilis and H. erectus.
4. Describe the shifts in habitat and landscape and discuss
how early Homo coped with these changes.
5. Create a timeline for the discovery of important Homo
erectus fossils.
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Chapter Objectives
6. Describe the anatomical features of Nariokotome boy and
explain why this particular skeleton is pivotal in our
understanding of H. erectus growth and development.
7. Find on a map the countries that have produced H. erectus
fossils and trace the likely path that H. erectus took out of
Africa.
8. Discuss how tool use and the ability to control fire
contributed to the evolution of H. erectus.
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Early Hominid Origins: The Roots of
Humanity
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Early Hominid Origins: The Roots of
Humanity
• Questions addressed in
this chapter:
– What characteristics
define the genus Homo?
– Who were the earliest
members of the genus
Homo?
– What are the key
evolutionary trends and
other developments in
early Homo?
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Homo habilis: The First Species of the
Genus Homo
• How to identify
Homo fossils?
• Homo habilis
– 1.8 million–2.5
million years ago
– Increased use of
material culture
– Larger brain
– Smaller teeth
– Australopithecuslike body
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Homo habilis Not Alone?
• Homo rudolfensis
– Second species of early
Homo? Possibly.
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Homo habilis: The First Species of the
Genus Homo
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Homo erectus: Early Homo Goes
Global
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Homo erectus in Africa
• Homo erectus
– 1.8 million – 0.3 million
years
– Africa, Asia, and Europe
– Anatomy and behavior
• Larger brain
• Small back teeth
• Low, long, thick skull with
small chewing muscles and
large browridge
• Long legs
• Increased body size
• Increased tool use
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Homo erectus in Africa: Nariokotome
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Homo erectus in Africa
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Homo erectus in Africa: Middle
Pleistocene
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Homo erectus in Asia
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Homo erectus in Indonesia
• Sangiran 17
• Long, low
skull
• Large face &
cheekbones
• Large
browridge
• 1,000 cc
brain
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Homo erectus in China
• Zhoukoudian, China: 750,000 years
– Peking Man
– Evidence for fire
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Homo erectus in Europe
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Homo habilis to Homo erectus
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Evolution of Homo erectus: Biological Change,
Adaptation, and Improved Nutrition
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Homo erectus: Beginning
Globalization
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Acknowledgements
• Unless otherwise noted, definitions and descriptions are
derived from Essentials of Physical Anthropology:
Discovering Our Origins, 2nd Ed., by Clark Spencer
Larsen.
• Additional slides and information may have been
obtained from Essentials of Physical Anthropology, 8th
ed. by Jurmain et al.
• All of the material in the powerpoint is available in the
books listed above.
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CHAPTER
This concludes the Lecture
PowerPoint presentation for:
11
The Origins and
Evolution of Early Homo
Essentials of Physical Anthropology
Second Edition
Clark • Spencer
3/22/2017
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• Larsen
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