Transcript Planets of Our Solar System - Cinnaminson Township Public

1. The Solar System
2. The Sun is the center of our solar
system. First proposed by
Copernicus in 1543.
People used to think the solar system
was Geocentric (Earth Centered)
• Early Greeks created
this model
• Problems with it
included retrograde
motion of planets (a
figure 8 path)
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•
http://www.lasalle.edu/~smithsc/Astronomy/retr
ograd.html
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=72FrZz_zJFU
Later observations confirmed the
Heliocentric Model (Sun Centered)
• Described in 1543
by Copernicus
• Confirmed by
Galileo using his
telescope to
observe Venus
3. The Sun contains 99.86% of all
the Solar System’s mass.
• The force of gravity from the sun holds our
solar system together.
• Gravity started to form our solar system about
4.6 billion years ago
• The larger an object’s mass, the greater its
gravitational force.
4. Planets closer to the Sun orbit the
Sun FASTER than planets farther
from the Sun.
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•
http://janus.ast
ro.umd.edu/ja
vadir/orbits/ss
v.html
http://www.kid
sastronomy.co
m/solar_syste
m.htm
5. Which planet takes longer to orbit
the Sun?
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Neptune or Jupiter?
Mars or Earth?
Venus or Mercury?
Uranus or Saturn?
Pluto takes 248 years to complete
one orbit!
Inner Planets
• The planets are small in size compared to the
outer planets
• They are mostly solid and rocky, also made
with various metals
6. Why doesn’t Mercury
have an atmosphere?
• No atmosphere due to
– low gravitational pull (it’s
the smallest planet)
– high daytime temperatures
(2nd hottest planet)
– solar winds blast away any
remaining gasses
7. What causes Venus to
be so warm?
• Heat is trapped due to
the intense greenhouse
effect due to the thick
atmosphere.
• Temperatures average
460 degrees C on Venus
• Due to its size, Venus is
sometimes called Earth’s
twin
Greenhouse Effect
Image of Maat Mons- the highest volcano
on Venus. Taken with radar since the
temperature and pressure destroy any probes
that land on the surface.
8. What makes Earth
different from all other
planets?
• It has liquid water
(not just frozen or
gas forms)
• Life is found here.
9. Identify all the features
found near/on Mars
• Red color is from
Iron Oxide dust
• Polar Ice caps (made
from dry ice CO2
and water)
• Volcanoes (largest in
the solar system –
taller than 3 Mt
Everest's and wider
than Hawaiian island
chain)
• No Oceans (may have lots of frozen
water or even salt water below the
surface) http://www.google.com/mars/
• Has evidence of waterways like river
beds and channels on the surface
• No life
• A thin atmosphere of mostly carbon
dioxide
• Seasons (it has a tilted axis like Earth)
• 2 moons
• No hot temperatures (range is -125C to
35C)
• Former President Bush suggested we
should start to land people on mars
within 20 years
10. The Outer Planets are larger
in size
• Made from Gas
• They have rings
around them
• Usually many moons
• Hydrogen and helium
– If Jupiter were a little
larger, it may have
turned into a small star
10. Jupiter
• Hydrogen and helium
– If Jupiter were a little
larger, it may have
turned into a small star
– 5th from the sun
– Large storm
– 67 moons
– Ganymede
11. Why do we study Jupiter’s
moons?
• Studying these
moons add to
the knowledge
about the origin
of Earth and
the rest of the
solar system
12.Saturn’s rings are made
out of particles of …
• Ice and rocks
• H and HE also
• Has moon bigger than
Mercury or Pluto
• Floats in Bathtub
13. Uranus is tipped on it’s
side, how did this probably
happen?
• A collision with
another object
probably tipped it
over.
• Methane
14. When was Neptune
discovered and what gases
are found in it’s atmosphere?
• Discovered in 1846
• Methane gases give
Neptune it’s bluegreen color
15. Identify reasons why Pluto is
different from the other outer planets
• Only has a thin atmosphere, other outer
planets have thick atmospheres.
• Only outer planet with a solid, icy-rock
surface
Orbit of Pluto
The Inner Planets
The Inner Planets
• Small in size
• Solid/rocky
The Outer Planets
Outer Planets
• Large in size
• Made of gas
• Have rings
• Have many moons
Dwarf Planets
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqX2YdnwtRc&feature=related
– 5 official; 40 to 400 others
– Orbit the sun, but have not “cleared the
neighborhood”- no clean path around Sun
– Be spherical in shape, but small
Dwarf Planets
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqX2YdnwtRc&feature=related
– Ceres once was largest asteroid
– Eris- orbit outside Pluto in Kupier Belt
– Makemake- 2nd largest in Kupier Belt
– Haumea- 1/3 the size of Pluto and has 2
moons
What can I see in the sky this
Autumn?
• http://www.astronomy.com/asy/default.aspx
?c=a&id=10184
Out of this World Lab
• What would be different about life on
another planet? Life on a star?
• You will be calculating weight, jumping
ability, and age if you lived on different
planets.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bDpwtnGS6uc&feature=BFa&list=PL68BB0B53B47E8190&lf=results_main
Jumping
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gM140g0zsQc&feature=related
Falling
Vocabulary
• Mass-The amount of matter (stuff) in an
object.
– Stays the same from planet to planet
• Weight-A measurement of the gravitational
force acting on an object.
– Changes as you move from planet to
planet.
• Gravitational ForceThe force of attraction
between any two
objects.
– The more massive
the object is and the
closer it is, the
greater its
gravitational force.
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=An4chlcA
Aqs
• Planetary Year-the length of time it takes a
planet to revolve around the sun.
Predictions (Hypothesis)
• Weight Possible locations:
– Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn,
Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, Sun, White Dwarf
• Jumping locations:
– Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn,
Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, Sun, White Dwarf
• Age Possible locations:
– Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus,
Neptune, Pluto
Orbiting the Sun
Planet
Day Length
Year Length
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
58.65
0.24
243.01* 0.61
1.00
1.00
1.03
1.88
0.41
11.86
0.44
29.46
0.65*
84.07
0.77
164.82
Planet Names
• http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/append7.
html