Transcript 4th Nine Weeks Review

4th Nine Weeks Review
A human has ____ chromosomes found in a regular body cell. However, ____
chromosomes are found in the sex cells.
a. 23, 46
b. 46, 23
c. 20, 40
d. 40, 20
What type of reproduction causes variation within a species?
Sexual
What 2 body systems work together to perform movement, such as walking?
Skeletal and muscular systems
Where is genetic material located in a cell?
Chromosomes
An animal’s fight-or-flight response involves adrenaline, which is a chemical in our
bodies that gives the body a burst of energy. Most experience a fight or flight
response when faced with a dangerous situation. What does adrenaline cause to
occur?
a. Heart rate increases, breathing rate increases, muscles tense up
b. Heart rate increases, breathing rate decreases, muscles tense up
c. Heart rate decreases, breathing rate decreases, muscles relax
d. Heart rate decreases, breathing rate increases, muscles relax
Hydras are a small water animals that reproduce asexually. Their offspring are
called “buds.” Which best describes a hydra bud?
a. A hydra bud contains genetic mutations.
b. A hydra bud is genetically identical to its parent.
c. A hydra bud inherits characteristics from two parents.
d. A hydra bud is similar, but not identical to its parent.
Mother
Father
Blue eyes
Brown eyes
Right-handed
Right-handed
Good soccer player
Poor soccer player
Does not like to bake
Likes to bake
Jennifer is a short, brown-haired, blue-eyed swimmer that likes to bake.
Based on the information in the chart above, which is an inherited trait
from her mother?
a. The color of her hair
b. Her enjoyment of baking
c. The color of her eyes
d. Her ability to swim
Identifying Stimuli chart
Stimulus
Internal or External
Infection in body
INTERNAL
Smell of food
EXTERNAL
Dust in air
EXTERNAL
Lack of water
INTERNAL
Time of day (amount of light)
EXTERNAL
Zebra herd senses presence
of a lion
EXTERNAL
Response
Fever, vomiting, other
symptoms of illness
Stomach growling, feeling
hungry
Coughing, sneezing, itchy
eyes or throat
Wilting in plants; dry mouth, drinking
something to quench thirst in animals
Animals may wake or sleep; flowers
on plants may open or close
Zebra herd runs
Types of Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
fertilization
diverse offspring
pollination
Asexual Reproduction
One parent
Offspring identical
to parent
budding
Large number of offspring
produced in a short time
In males the sperm is produced where?
a. Scrotum
b. Testes
c. Penis
d. Prostate
In females the egg cells are produced where?
a. Ovaries
b. Vagina
c. Oviducts
d. Cervix
Define the 2 types of digestion, and list where each occurs in the digestive system
Chemical
Mouth
Mechanical
Stomach
Small Intestines
Mouth
Stomach
Certain species of lizards reproduce asexually; how could this be a disadvantage
compared to the species that reproduce sexually?
a. They are smaller than the other breeds of lizards
b. A single lizard can reproduce more offspring causing the population to
grow
c. They are a exact copy of their parent; therefore they are less likely to
adapt to a changing environment
d. They are more likely to have a longer tail
Carlie, Cody, and Callie all have red hair; if red hair is not dominant then we can
assume what about their parents?
a. They have mutations in their genes
b. They are both homozygous dominant
c. They are both homozygous recessive
d. Both their genes are heterozygous
Which statement is true about inherited and acquired characteristics?
a. Inherited characteristics are passed from parent to offspring; acquired
characteristics result from genetic mutations.
a. Acquired characteristics involve a permanent change to an organism;
inherited characteristics can be reversed.
a. Acquired characteristics involve a non-permanent change to an
organism; inherited characteristic can be passed from parent to offspring.
b. Acquired characteristics result from asexual reproduction; inherited
characteristics result from sexual reproduction.
Widow’s Peak
Bob and Stacy both
have a widow’s peak,
but it is possible for their
offspring to be born with
no widow’s peak. Bob
and Stacy are both
heterozygous, and are
able to pass on the
recessive trait.
Heredity
Heredity
is responsible for
is the passage of
TRAITS
from
material is also known
as
TRAITS
DNA
such as
PARENTS
EYE COLOR
to
OFFSPRING
SKIN COLOR
Complete the punnett square below. W= white and w= red. What is the percent
that the offspring will be red?
2 5
WW
Ww
Ww
ww
WW = white 25%
Ww = white 50%
ww = red 25%
A male and female rabbit both have black fur, produced 10 baby rabbits. Seven of
the babies were black and 3 were brown. If black fur is the dominant, which is the
only true statement below?
a) The female rabbit has two brown alleles and the male rabbit has two
black alleles.
b) The female rabbit has two black alleles and the male also has two black
alleles.
c) The female and male rabbits carry one dominant and one recessive
allele each.
d) It is impossible to figure this out without more information.
The kidneys are part of what system?
a) Digestive
b) Endocrine
c) Excretory
d) Respiratory
Exchanges gases between the body and the environment are part of what
system?
a) Digestive
b) Endocrine
c) Excretory
d) Respiratory
What is the function of the kidneys?
to remove waste from the blood
What is the function of the nervous system?
To detect information and respond to stimuli
What is the function of the respiratory system?
To exchange gas between body and environment (CO2 and O2)
What is the function of the excretory system?
To remove solid, liquid and gases from the body
What is the function of the endocrine system?
To release chemical signals (hormones)
Body System Similes
1. The nervous system is like the President of the US because they both coordinate
functions and activities.
circulatory
2. The __________________ system is like a canal system because they both use
fluids to transport
materials
digestive
3. The __________________
system is like a blender because they both break
skeletal
down food into smaller pieces.
integumentary
4. The __________________ system is like the pillars of a bridge because they both
provide a framework of support.
excretory
5. The __________________ system is like shrink-wrap on a music CD because
they both protect internal materials.
Body System Functions
D 1. Transports oxygen, CO2, nutrients, wastes, hormones and other
_____
materials.
E
_____ 2. Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide gasses
F
_____ 3. Responsible for movement
A
_____ 4. Physically and chemically breaks down food into a usable form.
C
_____ 5. Coordinates body functions using electrical messages
B
_____ 6. Removes waste from blood
Which system carries oxygen to the muscles?
Red blood cells in the circulatory system
How do the digestive and circulatory systems work together?
The digestive system works with the circulatory system to get the
absorbed nutrients distributed through your body.
What are the 3 types of muscle tissue? Which are voluntary? Which are
involuntary?
Cardiac
involuntary
Smooth
involuntary
Skeletal
voluntary
Define heredity
The passing of traits from one generation to another
What is an allele?
An alternative form of a gene (one member of a pair)
Define homozygous
Containing two alleles that are exactly the same. (pure)
Example: AA, aa, BB, bb
Define heterozygous
Containing two alleles that are different (hybrid)
Aa, Bb, Cc
Define genotype
The combination of two alleles that make up a gene
***what the gene says***
AA, Aa, BB
Define phenotype
An organism’s observable characteristics assigned by the gene.
***the physical representation of the gene***
Blue eyes, brown hair, unattached earlobes
Define dominant
Usually the allele that shows up
UPPERCASE
AA or Aa - dominant
Define recessive
Allele that is present on the gene but won’t show up
Aa ← little a is recessive
List how blood
travels through
the body