Transcript Modern Genetics Review

Modern Genetics Review
Chapter 6
• Which of the following represent ways in which
traits can be passed to offspring?
A) single gene with two alleles
B) single gene with one allele
C) single gene with multiple alleles
D) many genes
A, C, D
* What controls variations in skin color among
humans?
A) single gene with two alleles
B) single gene with one allele
C) single gene with multiple alleles
D) many genes
D
• Which of the following is an example of a trait
controlled by a single gene with two alleles?
A) Blood Type
B) Height
C) Earlobes
C
• Which of the following is an example of a trait
controlled by a single gene with multiple alleles?
A) Blood Type
B) Height
C) Earlobes
A
• Which of the following is an example of a trait controlled by
many genes?
A) Blood Type
B) Height
C) Earlobes
B
• Which alleles for blood types are considered dominant?
A and B are co-dominant
• If both parents of a child have type B blood, what might
their child’s blood type be?
A) A only
B) B only
C) O only
D) A or O
E) B or O
E
• The ___________ carry genes that determine
whether a person is male female.
sex chromosomes
T/F - If a person has XY allele combination that
means they will be female.
false - male
Traits that are carried on the X or Y chromosomes
are called _____________.
sex-linked traits
T/F – A person that has one allele for a trait but
does not exhibit the trait is called a pedigree.
false - carrier
• Why are sex-linked genes more common in males
than in females?
A) All alleles on the X chromosome are
dominant
B) All alleles on the Y chromosome are
recessive
C) A recessive allele on the X chromosome
will always produce the trait in a male because the
Y is not able to mask a trait on the X.
D) Any allele on the Y chromosome will be
co-dominant with the matching allele on the X
chromosome.
C
• Many characteristics are affected by genes and
A) chromosomes
B) the environment
C) alleles
D) carriers
B
* When a person inherits genes that cause an abnormal condition it is
known as…
a genetic disorder
* List the four types of genetic disorders discussed in the book.
Cystic Fibrosis
Sickle-Cell Disease
Hemophilia
Down Syndrome
• Sex linked genes are found on which chromosome(s)?
X and Y
Name the Disorder
• An extra copy of chromosome 21
Down Syndrome
• Production of abnormally thick mucus in the lungs and
intestines
Cystic Fibrosis
• Blood does not clot well due to lack of hemoglobin
Hemophilia
• Blood cells are abnormally shaped. Which causes a
lack of oxygen and clogged blood vessels.
Sickle-Cell Disease
Caused by a recessive allele on the X chromosome.
Hemophilia
• A family tree or chart that tracks which family members
have a particular trait is called a
pedigree
• Name the significance of the following symbols on a
pedigree
Circle
female
half colored
carrier
no color
no trait
square
male
fully colored
has trait
• List three tools used to diagnose genetic
disorders.
pedigree, Punnett square, karyotype
• What is a karyotype?
a picture of the chromosomes in a cell
• List three ways a person with a genetic disorder
could be helped.
medical care, education, job training
• What is the cause of genetic disorders?
DNA mutations or changes in
chromosomes
• What are three methods for developing
organisms with desirable traits
selective breeding, cloning, genetic
engineering
• What are two types of selective breeding?
inbreeding and hybridization
• What is the term for an organism that has the
exact same genetic make-up as another
organism?
clone
• When genes from one organism are transferred
into the DNA of another organism it is called
genetic engineering
Name the Genetic Technique
• Cutting a stem from a plant and putting it in the ground
to create another plant
cloning
* Crossing two individuals that have a similar trait to
insure that you will have more offspring with that
desirable trait.
inbreeding
• Producing insulin by inserting human insulin in the
plasmid of a bacteria
genetic engineering
• Crossing two genetically different organisms to make
an even better organism.
hybridization
• What is gene therapy?
the process of inserting copies of genes
directly into a person’s cells
• What might be a problem with genetic
engineering?
We are not sure of the long term
effects. It could cause health problems in the long
run
• To create bacteria that produce insulin, a section
of DNA is inserted into a bacterium’s_____
plasmid