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MONDAY 2-22-16 LEARNING OBJECTIVE: DESCRIBE MENDEL'S EXPERIMENTS WITH PEA PLANTS ENTRY TASK: START A NEW PAGE! • COPY THE GRAPHIC ORGANIZER FOR CHAPTER 11 – INTRODUCTION TO GENETICS HOMEWORK DUE WEDNESDAY • READ SECTION 11.1 IN YOUR BOOK AND TAKE NOTES PLAN OF THE DAY • CHECK YOUR TEST 10 RESULTS – WRITE THE RESULTS ON YOUR BIOLOGY ORGANIZING HANDOUT • QUICK LAB (PAGE 311) • MENDEL’S EXPERIMENTS PAGE 311 F PTC taster No PTC taster WEDNESDAY 2-24-16 LEARNING OBJECTIVE: UNDERSTAND MENDEL’S EXPERIMENTS ENTRY TASK: • WHAT ARE SOME OF THE TRAITS IN PEA PLANTS THAT MENDEL STUDIED? PLAN OF THE DAY • MENDEL’S INTERVIEW VIDEO • NOTES ON MENDEL’S EXPERIMENTS AND RESULTS • PUNNET SQUARES THURSDAY 2-25-16 LEARNING OBJECTIVE: • HOW GAMETES ARE FORMED ENTRY TASK: • EXAMINE FIGURE 11-4 ON PAGE 311. ANSWER THE QUESTION IN THE FIGURE CAPTION PLAN OF THE DAY • NOTES ON MENDEL’S EXPERIMENTS AND RESULTS • FORMATION OF GAMETES Development of egg and sperm Formation of Gametes • With your group, brainstorm and write on the whiteboard observations about the provided diagram on gametogenesis Friday 2-26-16 Learning objectives: • How meiosis works • How sexual reproduction leads to genetic variation Entry Task: • If an organism’s haploid chromosome number is 43, which will the diploid number of chromosomes be? Diploid and haploid • Almost all human cells are diploid or containing two homologous sets of chromosomes 2n = 46 • Eggs and sperm cells (gametes) are haploid or containing a single set of chromosomes n = 23 http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=swf::535::535::/sites/dl/free/0072437316/120074/bio17.swf::Comparison%20of%20Meiosis%20and%20Mitosis MEIOSIS MITOSIS Original diploid cell 2n 2n 2n 2 diploid daughter cells Plan of the day • Meiosis POGIL haploid egg and sperm diploid zygote In the human life cycle a haploid egg and sperm fuse and form a diploid zygote. Mitosis produces an embryo with numerous cells that continue to multiply and develop. Monday 2-29-16 Learning objectives: • Using Punnett squares to predict outcomes of genetic crosses Entry Task: • Explain the process of the crossing over of DNA in chromosomes, and when it occurs Plan of the day • Finish Meiosis POGIL • Introduce Punnett squares Phenotype refers to the observable trait (purple flowers) Genotype refers to the combination of alleles (Pp) • Phenotypic ratio: ratio of plants with purple flowers to those with white flowers (3 purple : 1 white) • Genotypic ratio: ratio of possible combinations of alleles (1 PP : 2 Pp : 1 pp) Probability and Punnett Squares Probability: Chance of Something happening Punnett Square: Diagram used to show the probability of a genetic cross TUESDAY 3-1-16 LEARNING OBJECTIVE: • MAKE A PUNNETT SQUARE TO PREDICT OUTCOMES OF GENETIC CROSSES ENTRY TASK: haploid egg and sperm diploid zygote In the human life cycle a haploid egg and sperm fuse and form a diploid zygote. Mitosis produces an embryo with numerous cells that continue to multiply and develop. PLAN OF THE DAY • WRAP-UP MEIOSIS POGIL • PUPPY TRAITS ACTIVITY WEDNESDAY 3-2-16 LEARNING OBJECTIVE: DIHYBRID CROSSES AND INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT ENTRY TASK: • FILL OUT THIS PUNNETT SQUARE FOR CROSSING TWO HETEROZYGOTE TALL PLANTS • WRITE THE GENOTYPIC AND ___________________________ • PHENOTYPIC RATIOS __________________________ PLAN OF THE DAY • DIHYBRID CROSSES • PUPPY TRAITS ACTIVITY – DRAW, COLOR, AND NAME YOUR DOG – TAPE IT ON THE OUTSIDE WALL BY THE DOOR • MORE PRACTICE WITH GENETICS VOCABULARY AND PUNNETT SQUARES – BIKINI BOTTOM GENETICS DIHYBRID CROSS crossing of organisms differing in two characters Principle of Independent Assortment During gamete formation in an F2 cross, a particular allele for one character can be paired with either allele of another character HTTP://WWW.DNAFTB.ORG/5/PROBLEM.HTML http://i-biology.net/ahl/10-genetics-ahl/dihybridcrosses-and-gene-linkage-ahl/ TUESDAY 3-3-16 LEARNING OBJECTIVE: DESCRIBE OTHER NON-MENDELIAN INHERITANCE PATTERNS ENTRY TASK: • WRITE THE FOUR POSSIBLE COMBINATIONS OF ALLELES THAT WOULD SEGREGATE IN SEX CELLS FROM THIS GENOTYPE FOR TWO TRAITS? S s O O PLAN OF THE DAY • NON-MENDELIAN INHERITANCE PATTERNS • BLOOD TYPES VIDEO GENETICS - QUIZ 1 IN PEA PLANTS, ROUND SEEDS IS DOMINANT TO WRINKLED SEEDS. A HETEROZYGOUS ROUND SEED PLANT IS CROSSED WITH A HOMOZYGOUS ROUND SEED PLANT. WHAT PERCENTAGE OF THE OFFSPRING WILL BE HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT? ____________ • CREATE A PUNNETT SQUARE BELOW TO SUPPORT YOUR ANSWER. Not all traits are inherited following the patterns found by Mendel in pea plants Intermediate or incomplete inheritance Multiple alleles – codominance Polygenic inheritance Environment - epigenetics Intermediate or incomplete inheritance The heterozygotes have a phenotype that is intermediate between the phenotypes of the two homozygotes Multiple alleles - codominance For many genes several alleles exist in the population. Multiple alleles control the character of blood type in humans. There are six possible genotypes. The alleles IA and IB exhibit codominance, meaning that a heterozygote expresses both traits. https://ww w.youtube .com/watc h?v=L06TJ TMVkBo Polygenic inheritance When two or more genes affect a single character In humans, height and skin color have polygenic inheritance HOMEWORK DUE TOMORROW FRIDAY • READ SECTION SECTION 11.3 (319-321) AND DO HANDOUT 11.3 QUESTIONS • AND BIKINI BOTTOM GENETICS HANDOUT IF NOT FINISHED DURING CLASS THURSDAY 3-4-16 LEARNING OBJECTIVE: HOW DOES THE ENVIRONMENT AFFECT GENE EXPRESSION? ENTRY TASK: • DO A PUNNETT SQUARE TO SHOW THE RESULT OF CROSSING A HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT PUPPY AND A HETEROZYGOUS PUPPY FOR HAIR COLOR. REMEMBER BROWN (B) IS DOMINANT OVER YELLOW. The Environment - Epigenetics Phenotype depends on environment as well as genes Temperature affects fur color in Siamese cats In humans Nutrition affects built Exposure to sun affects skin tone Prenatal exposure to certain conditions affects offspring’s mental and physical health Genetics vs. Epigenetics GUIDING QUESTION How is that identical twins can have such different health outcomes throughout their lifetime? http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/epigenetics.html MONDAY 3-7-16 LEARNING OBJECTIVE: REVIEW ENTRY TASK: • HOW MANY BLOOD TYPES ARE POSSIBLE IN HUMANS? (READ ‘HUMAN BLOOD TYPES’ IN ANALYZING DATA SECTION -PAGE 320) TUSDAY 3-8-15 LEARNING OBJECTIVE: • REVIEWING FOR TEST ENTRY TASK: • Write which are all the possible phenotypes and genotypes on this cross. What type of inheritance pattern is shown here? Phenotypes: Genotypes: WEDNESDAY 3-9-16 LEARNING OBJECTIVE: SELF TEST CHECK ENTRY TASK: • EACH PEA-PLANT GAMETE HAS HOW MANY ALLELES FOR THE PEA COLOR GENE? THURSDAY 3-10-16 LEARNING OBJECTIVE: HECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE ON CHAPTER 11 ENTRY TASK: