Transcript mutations review game

MUTATIONS REVIEW GAME
1. If the DNA codons are CAT CAT
CAT, and a guanine base is added at
the beginning, then what type of
mustation would result?
2. Explain what a gene/point
mutation is
3. Mutations can be:
(a) random.
(b) beneficial.
(c) lethal.
(d) heritable.
(e) all of the above.
• 4. A frameshift mutation could result from:
(a) a base insertion only.
(b) a base deletion only.
(c) a base substitution only.
(d) deletion of three consecutive bases.
(e) either an insertion or a deletion of a
base.
• 5. Which point mutation would be most likely
to have a catastrophic effect on the
functioning of a protein?
(a) a base substitution
(b) a base deletion near the start of the
coding sequence
(c) a base deletion near the end of the
coding sequence
• 6. Which of these statements could be a
common misconception regarding point
mutations?
(a) They involve changes in one base pair.
(b) They can cause drastic changes in
polypeptide structure.
(c) They always produce a change in the
amino acid sequence of a protein.
• 7. Sickle cell anemia is probably the result of
which kind of mutation?
(a) point mutation only
(b) frameshift mutation only
(c) nondisjunction only
(d) b and c, but not a
• 8. Using the genetic code table, identify a
possible sequence of nucleotides in the DNA
that would code for the polypeptide
sequence Phenylalanine-Proline-Lysine.
(1) AAA-GGG-UUU
(2) TTC-CCC-AAG
(3) TTT-CCA-AAA
(4) AAG-GGC-TTC
(5) UUU-CCC-AAA
• 9. Which of the following mutations would still
allow protein X to be functional?
• a. a missense mutation in the third codon of
gene x
• b. a silent mutation in the third codon of gene x
• c. a nonsense mutation in the third codon of
gene x
• d. a frameshift mutation in the third codon of
gene x
• 10. Gene mutations can be caused by:
– Viruses
– Radiation
– Chemicals
– All of the above
• 11. If the DNA strand reads ACTGCA, and is
now read as ACGGCA, what type of mutation
has occurred in this strand?
• 12. If a frameshift mutation causes a stop
codon to be inserted into the DNA sequence
• a. the resulting protein will not be affected
• b. the phenotype will change but not the
genotype
• c. the resulting protein will be too short and
non-functional
• d. the resulting protein will be too long and
non-functional
13. A nucleotide deletion in DNA replication
• a. causes one amino acid of the protein to be
incorrect
• b. causes all of the amino acids of the protein to
be incorrect
• c. causes the amino acids inserted after the
deletion to be incorrect
• d. causes the amino acids inserted before the
deletion to be incorrect
• e. has no effect on the resulting protein
14. Which of the following would be the
complementary strand to this section of DNA ATTCATACG, if a single substitution mutation
occurs?
• a. UAAGUAUGC
• b. TATGAATGC
• c. TAAGTATGG
15. What type of mutation occurs when a
chromosome breaks in two places, a piece of
the chromosome is removed and the
chromosome pieces remaining re-join?
• a. Inversion
• b. Deletion
• c. Translocation
16. What type of mutation occurs when a
chromosome breaks in two places, a piece of
the chromosome rotates and all the
chromosome pieces re-join?
• a. Inversion
• b. Duplication
• c. Translocation
• How do you identify someone who has Cri Du
Chat?
• a. unusually flat face and widely set fingers
• b. skin folds over neck and small wrists
• c. small chin, poor muscle tone, cat like
vocalizations
• d. inability for blood to clot normally
• Which of the following are possible
treatment options for people who have Cri
Du Chat?
• a. physiotherapy
• b. speech therapy
• c. occupational therapy
• d. all of these
• Which of the following situation is most likely
to describe a person with Williams
Syndrome?
• a. have extraordinary talents in writing,
painting, and mathematics
• b. very sociable and friendly
• c. very smart and usually works as a scientist
• d. none of the above
• Williams syndrome is most likely caused by…..
• a. a chromosome mutation that happened during
meiosis and results in a deletion of the elastin
gene
• b. a gene mutation that happened during
fertilization and results in a deletion of the
clotting factor gene
• c. a virus that has hijacked the DNA and RNA
resulting in an error during protein synthesis
• d. gene mutation caused by chemicals, radiation
or unhealthy diet after the birth of the affected
person
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How is hemophilia acquired?
a. contagious disease spread by air
b. sexually transmitted disease
c. lack of ribosomes in the body
d. an X linked genetic disorder
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What is the main symptom of hemophilia?
a. lack of hair pigment
b. weak bones and joints
c. uncontrollable bleeding
d. short stature
• How are the people with Jacobs syndrome
(XYY) affected personally?
• a. not able to have children
• b. not really affected too much other than a
few physical changes
• c. not able to live normal lives
• d. can’t function without a constant helper
• What causes Jacobs syndrome?
• a. happens during the first stage of meiosis
• b. a random event in the formation of sperm
cells leading to a sperm cell with 2 Y
chromosomes
• c. a reaction to getting an x-ray
• d. both a and b
• Men with Jacobs syndrome have a(n)
______________ chromosome(s)
• a. deletion of the 5th
• b. insertion of the 7th
• c. trisomy of the sex
• d. trisomy of the 5th
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What causes Albinism?
a. injury causing a leak in melanin deposition
b. a certain fruit derived from Africa
c. a genetic disorder in which melanin is not
produced
• d. the use of bleach as a skin lightener in parts
of Africa
• Do the beliefs of society in certain African
countries affect people with Albinism? How?
• a. they do not effect albinos, albinos are accepted
into society
• b. they do not affect albinos, people always treat
others respectfully
• c. it does affect albinos, albinos are affected
because they get attacked by witchcraft doctors
who cut off their body parts
• d. it does affect albinos, they become savage
when treated differently
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A person with Tay Sachs disease will……..
a. eventually become deaf
b. eventually become blind
c. have serious mental issues
d. all of the above
• . in order for a baby to be born with Tay
Sachs disease, what is the genetic situation of
the parents?
• a. one parent has the Tay Sachs mutation, the
other does not
• b. the mother must have the mutation
• c. the father must have the mutation
• d. both parents must carry the mutated gene
for Tay Sachs and pass it on to the offspring
• How does Cystic Fibrosis affect a person’s
body?
• a. causes respiratory problems as well as the
digestive system
• b. sweat glands are also affected
• c. both a and b
• d. none of the above
• . What are some treatments that people with
Cystic Fibrosis have to undergo?
• a. no treatment
• b. surgery, water and vaccines
• c. Aloe vera, IV bags, salt mixed with water
• d. antibiotics, oxygen therapy, and pancreatic
enzymes
• What is the difference between Mosaic Down’s
syndrome and regular Down’s Syndrome?
• a. In Mosaic DS, only some cells contain the
trisomy 21
• b. In Mosaic DS, chromosome 21 attaches to
another chromosome
• c. In Mosaic DS, an extra chromosome 21 is in
each cell in the body
• d. In Mosaic DS, nondisjunction separates the
chromosomes evenly in each body cell