Transcript What is Probability?


Probability is a number that describes how
likely it is that an event will occur.

Mathematics of Probability
The laws of probability predict what is
likely to occur not what will occur.
Formula for finding probability
Independence of Events
Example: When you toss a coin more
than once, the results of one toss do not affect
the results of the next toss. Each event occurs
independently.


Each time you toss a coin, there are 2 possible ways that
the coin can land-heads up or tails up. Each of these 2
events is equally likely to occur.

The more you toss the coin, the more it gets closer to the
predicted probability

Punnett Squares
Punnett squares are charts that show all the
possible combinations of alleles, or different forms of a
gene, that can result from a genetic cross.
They can also be used to predict probabilities; this is
because in a genetic cross, the allele that each parent will
pass on to its offspring is based on probability.
example:

Heredity is the passing of physical
characteristics from parent to off spring.
This is exemplified in punnett squares,
which is also how it is linked to probability.

What are phenotypes and genotypes?
An organism’s Phenotype is its physical appearance , or
visible traits.
An organism’s Genotype is its genetic makeup, or allele
combinations
These 2 things are better explained in the chart up next.

This chart shows what genotypes and phenotypes are
and by doing that, it also shows the difference between
the two.

What is codominance?
Codominance is a condition in which neither of
the 2 alleles of a gene is dominant nor recessive.
As a result, both alleles are expressed in the
offspring, which is better recognized as a hybrid.
This punnett square shows the two types of alleles
involved with codominance.
Codominant alleles, as seen here,
are written as capital letters with
superscripts, which are
represented here with numbers.


We’ve learned….
what probability is and how it helps to
explain genetic crosses;
What genotypes and phenotypes are;
and what codominance involves .
Thanks for reading and learning with me!







Coolidge-Stolz, Elizabeth; Crontike, Donald; Jenner, Jan; Jones, Linda
Cronin; Lisowski, Marylin. Science Explorer: Life Science. New York:
Prentice Hall, 2009, pgs 118-123
http://www.dreamstime.com/royalty-free-stock-photography-familytogether-on-farm-image5147297
Paint
http://staff.jccc.net/pdecell/transgenetics/monohybrid1.html
theoildrum.com
thetweensnews.com
http://www.world-builders.org/lessons/less/les4/casino/cas1ck.html