Transcript Biology 2011-12

Biology 2011-12
Semester 2
Biology 1/30/12
Week of 1/30 to 2/3
• ANNOUNCEMENT: Each entry task will be worth
2 POINTS this semester. Total of 10 points in a
typical week.
• ASSIGN TABLE LEADERS. 2 Extra Credit
points/week EVERYONE AT TABLE has the sheet
complete and turned in.
• Entry Task – Monday
• If you needed to explain photosynthesis to a 3rd
grader, what would you say? Please write it out
for your entry task
• Take out photosynthesis labs and review answers.
Biology 1/31/12
• Entry Task – Tuesday
• On a scale of 1 to 4, how well do you think you met
these standards?
• I can explain how plant cells use photosynthesis to
produce their own food. Use the following equation
to illustrate how plants rearrange atoms during
photosynthesis:
6CO2+6H2O+light energy —> C6H12O6+6O2
• I can explain the importance of photosynthesis for
both plants and animals, including humans.
• Please also enter your self-assessment on your red
sheets.
Act out Photosynthesis
• Lab station – plant cell with chloroplasts
• One actor as the Sun
• Six actors as 6 carbon dioxide molecules (each containing 1 carbon
and 2 oxygen atoms)
• Six actors as 6 water molecules (each containing 2 hydrogen and 1
oxygen atom)
• One person ready to become 1 glucose molecule (containing 6
carbons, 12 hydrogens, 6 oxygen atoms)
• Six people ready to become 6 oxygen gas molecules (each will
contain 2 oxygen atoms).
• AFTER ACTING – sit down and write a reflection – 10 minutes.
What happens during photosynthesis? What molecules start the
process? What do they change into? What are the products of the
process?
• If you understand photosynthesis better now, update your red
sheets.
Biology 2/1/12
• Entry Task – Wednesday
• Read page 228 in the Biology textbook. Please
define cellular respiration IN YOUR OWN
WORDS.
• Get labs out and begin.
Introduce Cellular Respiration
• STANDARDS (EALR 4 LS1 ):
• I can explain how the process of cellular
respiration is similar to the burning of fossil fuels
(e.g., both processes involve combustion of
carbon-containing compounds to transform
chemical energy to a different form of energy).
• I can describe the role that enzymes play in the
breakdown of food molecules and synthesis of
the many different molecules needed for cell
structure and function.
• I can explain how cells extract and store energy
from food molecules.
Cellular Respiration Lab – Day 1
• Choose groups of 5 and sit with them at your
desks.
• Read through lab.
• Write hypothesis.
• Create Data Table.
• WATCH demonstration of set-up!
• Gather materials. Write names on large paper
and set all materials on paper on back work table.
• You will do the rest of the lab tomorrow.
Biology 2/2/12
• Entry Task – Thursday
• Read page 228 and examine the diagrams at
the bottom. What is the diagram showing you
to help you understand the text? Give
information from the diagram.
• Finish lab.
Cellular Respiration Lab – Day 2
• Create data table.
• WATCH demonstration of set-up!
• Gather materials. Write names on large paper
and set all materials on paper on back work table.
• Conduct steps 1-6 with your group.
• Record data.
• Clean up.
• Rinse all materials carefully in large sink.
• Begin answering questions.
Biology 2/3/12
Week of 1/30 to 2/3
• Entry Task – Friday
• Explain why the process of cellular respiration is
important to biology and life on earth. In your
explanation provide details utilizing the chemical
equation.
• Table Leaders – Check that all sheets are complete –
help team finish. Collect all entry task sheets AND
PLACE IN PAPERCLIP WITH YOURS ON TOP.
• Start and finish lab! All labs DUE MONDAY!!!
Biology 2/6/12
Week of 2/6 to 2/10
• DECIDE ON NEW TABLE LEADERS!
• Entry Task – Monday
• What gas will be created and bubble through
the tubes in our yeast and sugar flasks? What
process creates that gas?
• Conduct lab – quickly, efficiently, carefully.
Follow instructions, please
Biology 2/7/12
• Entry Task – Tuesday
• Consider your group’s data table. How does the
concentration of sugar affect cellular respiration in
yeast? In which flask (high or low sugar) was more CO2
produced?
• Lab due WEDNESDAY. We will share data and work on
questions together TOMORROW!!
• TWO Important assignments today to practice for
HSPE.
Biology 2/8/12
• Entry Task – Wednesday
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Listen as Ms. Maring reads article about cajun crayfish.
Write a summarizing sentence using:
IDENTIFY (who what where) - VERB – FINISH SENTENCE.
Thank you table leaders for all your hard work helping your
team!!!
• Today we will complete an article summary as practice for
HSPE.
• We will also learn how our answers are scored and score a
person’s answers near us.
• PS If you did not finish the text feature assignment from
yesterday, please do so today (Cheyenne, Braiden, Tim, TJ,
Ryon, Jeremy, Dylan, anyone else???)
Practice for HSPE – Reading 10th grade
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Text and Text Features
Summarizing
Scoring using a rubric
Each answer can only get a MAXIMUM of 2
points…but include extra as a safety measure.
Biology 2/9/12
• Entry Task – Thursday
• In which kinds of cells does cellular respiration occur?
• In which organelles?
• Complete article summaries.
• Grade another person’s summary using the rubric.
• EXTRA TIME? Please take out lab…make sure you have
complete data from someone (Example – Briana, Tim,
Skyler, Justin, Justine, others???). Begin answering
questions…
Biology 2/10/12
• Entry Task – Friday
• Describe your effort in science this
week…Many of you have been working very
hard Congratulate yourselves!
• Table Leaders – Check that all sheets are
complete – help team finish. Collect all entry
task sheets AND PLACE IN PAPERCLIP WITH
YOURS ON TOP.
Today’s Work
• Short Schedule - 8:00-8:42
• Share data – if your group did not have time
for completion on this long lab, please copy
another group’s data. Briana’s group’s data on
the board….
• Begin questions. Lab will be due end of class
Monday.
• Next Week – Acting out Cellular Respiration.
• Quiz on Photosynthesis and Cellular
Respiration.
Biology 2/13/12
Week of 2/13 to 2/17
• Entry Task – Monday
• Choose new table leaders, please
• Read the text box on page 232 and examine
the accompanying graphs.
• Answer questions 1, 2 and 3.
• Take out cellular respiration with yeast labs.
• Complete all questions today and turn in!!
• If you have extra time, color code “Flow of
Matter and energy in the Biosphere.”
Biology 2/14/12
• Entry Task – Tuesday
• Free 2 points for “Saying Something Nice”
on Valentine’s Day. Please make this about
effort in school or something appropriate…
• Share answers to lab and turn in cellular
respiration labs.
Act out Cellular Respiration
• ENZYMES
• C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O and ATP
• The hallway is the lungs.
• 6 oxygen molecules will enter and be carried by the BLOOD
to the cell.
• Inside the mitochondria, the glucose molecule will be
“burned” with the oxygen.
• ENZYMES help.
• Rearranging into carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.
• 6CO2 is carried away by the blood, to the lungs, to be
exhaled.
• DURING cellular respiration, the CHEMICAL ENERGY in
glucose, is transformed into the energy molecule ATP.
• ATP will be used to do the work of the cell, like building
DNA, proteins, lipids, transporting vesicles, etc.
Cellular Respiration Reflection
• AFTER ACTING – sit down and write a reflection –
10 minutes.
• What happens during cellular respiration? What
molecules start the process (reactants)?
• Where?
• What do they change into? What are the
products of the process?
• How are the lungs and blood involved?
• How is energy transformed in the process?
Biology 2/15/12
• Entry Task – Wednesday
• On a scale of 1 to 4, how well do you meet the following standard:
• I can explain how cells extract and store energy from food
molecules.
• EALR 4 LS1
• I can explain how the process of cellular respiration is similar to the
burning of fossil fuels (e.g., both processes involve combustion of
carbon-containing compounds to transform chemical energy to a
different form of energy).
• EALR 4 LS1
• PLEASE ADD SELF ASSESSMENT TO RED PAGES!
Biology 2/16/12
• Entry Task – Thursday
• Read the text on pages 218-219. Examine the
timeline. Explain 2 ways the timeline helps
you understand the text. Give information
from the timeline.
• Take out your reflection papers about our
modeling of cellular respiration.
Your paper should answer…
• What happens during cellular respiration?
INCLUDE THE EQUATION!
• What molecules start the process (reactants)?
• Where?
• What do they change into? What are the
products of the process?
• How are the lungs and blood involved?
• How is energy transformed in the process?
Biology 2/17/12
Week of 2/13 to 2/17
• Entry Task – Friday
• Friday Freebie – 2 points
• Table Leaders – Check that all sheets are
complete – help team finish. Collect all entry
task sheets AND PLACE IN PAPERCLIP WITH
YOURS ON TOP.
• Say something nice
Cycles and Flow of Matter and Energy
• Color code the diagram.
• Each word color should match the color of the part on the
diagram. (Look for the little letters).
• Where does energy first enter the system?
• Where is that energy first converted to chemical energy
(IOW the energy in food)
• Inside the bunny, what is the food energy converted to?
How is that molecule used?
• Circle in GREEN the molecules entering the plant to be used
during PHOTOSYNTHESIS. Circle GREEN the products.
• Circle in RED the molecules entering the bunny to be used
during CELLULAR RESPIRATION. Circle RED the products.
• REVIEW FOR QUIZ!!
Photosynthesis/Cellular Respiration
Quiz
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Know the basic steps and outcomes of each process.
Know the reactants and products of each process.
Know which process(es) occur in plant cells and animal cells.
Be able to describe the processes in writing.
Be able to identify variables: Controlled Variables (kept the same),
manipulated variable (independent), responding variable
(dependent).
• Know that if all else is controlled, you will be measuring the
EFFECTS the manipulated variable CAUSED in the responding
variable.
• Be able to write a conclusion which includes DATA.
• Understand how energy transforms and matter cycles in
ecosystems.
Biology 2/21/2012
week of 2/21 to 2/24
• Entry Task – Tuesday
• Please choose new table leaders!
• On a scale of 1 to 4, how prepared do you feel for
a quiz on photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
• Are your assignments turned in? Photosynthesis
lab, Cellular respiration lab, written explanations,
bunny diagram, entry tasks? Write down what
you are missing.
Study today…quiz tomorrow
• Each table group will write jeopardy
questions.
• Write legibly, I will display them on the
document camera.
• Write one question per bullet item on review
sheet (8 questions)
• Use your returned assignments for inspiration.
You may also consult pages 218, 219,
222,228,233,and 236
Biology 2/22/12
• Entry Task – Wednesday
• Explain 2 test taking strategies. Share ideas.
• Take out resources for quiz – labs, written
explanations, diagrams, etc.
• Please work the ENTIRE TIME—quiz is long
QUIZ expectations
• Work SILENTLY with your eyes on your own
work.
• DO YOUR BEST—use test taking strategies and
try each question
• If you have a question, raise your hand.
• Finished early? Read quietly or do other
homework.
• Need more time? Let me know.
Biology 2/23/12
Week of 2/21 to 2/24
• Entry Task – Thursday
• What part of the quiz was the most challenging
for you? What part was the easiest? (this can
include content or behavior expectations)
• NOTE – we will be completing the quiz on
Monday!
• Table Leaders – please gather your group’s papers
and place yours on top, paperclip, and turn in.
Biology – today’s work…
• Complete Leaf and Stem Lab – please view
one slide at a time and return to front after
use.
• Answer questions (Life Science textbook p.
316, 318)
• “A Leaf’s Work is Never Done” – start at top
• Photosynthesis Puzzle Packet
• Clean up
Biology 2/27/12
Week of 2/27 to 3/2
• Entry Task – Monday – choose new table leaders!
• Write down one expectation you have for yourself
while finishing the quiz.
• Is there anything you would like to ask before we begin
the quiz?
• Remember, this is practice for HSPE and the EOC.
Don’t panic! It’s always good to practice before the big
event
• Also, you will have an opportunity to discuss, reflect,
and regain any points you miss!
QUIZ expectations
• Work SILENTLY with your eyes on your own
work.
• DO YOUR BEST—use test taking strategies and
try each question
• If you have a question, raise your hand.
• Finished early? Read quietly or do other
homework.
• Need more time? Let me know.
Biology 2/28/12
• Entry Task – Tuesday
• Read the first paragraph of “The Cell Cycle” on
page 246. What are some causes and effects of
the cell cycle?
• Please list one cause and effect for the entry task
and a total of 3 on the worksheet.
• When finished, read pages 246-249.
• Soon, you will be constructing a model of the cell
cycle with mobile pieces and step by step
instructions for how to use the model.
Biology 2/29/12
• Entry Task – Wednesday
• Skim pages 246 to 249. List the phases of the cell
cycle. Mitosis has 4 phases. What are those? What is
the result of mitosis?
• STANDARD: I can describe and model the process of
mitosis, in which one cell divides, producing two cells,
each with copies of paired chromosomes from the
original cell.(EALR 4 LS1)
• Objective: I can begin to consider the phases of the cell
cycle, including mitosis.
Today’s Work
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Read pages 246-249.
Take notes!
Complete #2 and #4 on page 247.
Watch the cell cycle video/animation.
On your notes page – answer the 5 questions
after the video.
• Please turn in your work
Biology 3/1/12
• Entry Task – Thursday
• Look at the items you could use for your cell
cycle models. What would you like to use to
represent the cell? Nucleus? Chromosomes?
Centromeres? Spindle? Centriole?
• Finish yesterday’s assignment.
Biology 3/2/12
Week of 2/27 to 3/2
• Entry Task – Friday
• Please list your missing assignments. Could
show up as “*” or “0” or “F” or at the bottom
as missing assignments.
• Are you meeting your goal for a grade?
• Table leaders, please gather your papers and
paperclip them with yours on top.
Missing Work Day
• Use your sheet to gather your missing work.
• If you have it done, TURN IT IN!! Check your
bin, backpack, folder, binder, notebook, etc.
• I will be calling some people up to call home.
Biology 3/5/12
Week of 3/5 to 3/9
• Entry Task – Monday – choose new table leaders.
• When you grow or heal, what process creates more
cells?
• STANDARD: I can describe and model the process of
mitosis, in which one cell divides, producing two cells,
each with copies of paired chromosomes from the
original cell.(EALR 4 LS1)
• Objective: I can design a model (kit with instructions)
of mitosis and cytokinesis.
Today’s Work
• Consider your quiz grade and review the quiz as a
class.
• If you got 13 or less, you must reflect. Be sure
you follow the instructions for that process.
• As a good practice for the HSPE/EOC, reflect even
if you passed! It also increases your grade.
• REFLECTIONS TODAY…you can use extra time to
complete and turn in Friday’s assignment or do
extra credit
Biology 3/6/12
• Entry Task – Tuesday
• Both mitosis and cytokinesis are involved in
cell division. What’s the difference?
• Review rubric. Choose groups. Start models.
Use the rubric to create your models
• You will be in groups of 3 or 4.
• Review the Cell Division Models Rubric.
• You will be designing a model with specific
parts. A game board for another team to test
your model. A step by step instruction guide
for another team to follow.
Biology 3/7/12
• Entry Task – Wednesday
• List here your key for these parts:
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Nuclear membrane
chromosomes – total of 4 chromosomes or 2 pairs
chromatids
centromere
spindle
centriole
cell membrane
Timeline – MODELS DUE FRIDAY
• Tuesday March 6th – choose parts and write key;
assemble parts
• Wednesday March 7th – sketch one cell becoming
2 cells on large paper “game board; begin writing
instructions
• Thursday March 8th - complete instructions;
underline words, practice with own model, make
sure instructions are complete and would be
“user friendly” for another group
• Friday March 9th – trade and evaluate another
group’s model. ALL MODELS DUE!!
Biology 3/8/12
Week of 3/5 to 3/9
• Entry Task – Thursday
• Consult your timeline. PROJECT DUE NEXT TIME WE
HAVE CLASS.
• Is your group on track (to trade next class), behind or
ahead of schedule? Explain what you’ll be doing today.
• Table Leaders – please gather papers, paperclip and
turn them in.
• We only meet for attendance and to go to band
concert tomorrow.
Biology 3/16/12
• Entry Task – Friday
• NO SHEETS THIS WEEK DUE TO HSPE.
• “Saying Something Nice”
• Please get out your cell division models. Half of
class will be for completion.
• The last half will be for trading and evaluating
another team’s model.
Biology 3/19/12
Week of 3/19 to 3/23
• Entry Task – Monday- Choose new table leaders
• What is the result of cellular division – mitosis
and cytokinesis?
• How does this help organisms grow or heal?
• 20 minutes – complete projects
• 20 minutes – trade and evaluate another team’s
model
• Trade kits.
• Use a rubric – you will evaluate the 3rd row of
the rubric, sign your names, and give the
other team some feedback or “notes.”
• Once finished, replace the kit in its original
condition.
• TURN IN KITS to back table with rubric and
notes on top.
Biology 3/20/12
• Entry Task – Tuesday
• Take out your red standards pages.
• On a scale of 1 to 4, how well do you meet this
standard? EXPLAIN!!
• STANDARD: I can describe and model the process
of mitosis, in which one cell divides, producing
two cells, each with copies of paired
chromosomes from the original cell.(EALR 4 LS1)
2 weeks left in this quarter!
• I will accept missing work until this FRIDAY,
March 23rd.
• At last count, 9 of the 22 Biology students are
failing.
• This is primarily due to missing work.
• I expect to see all of you in tutorial this week.
Today’s Work
• Dylan, Lailah, Cheyenne, Skyler, TJ trade with
Nakari and Natosha. Follow their instructions
and evaluate. Missing work until other groups
done.
• FINISH INSTRUCTIONS 10 minutes– Briana, Little
Bear, Kaileen, Geo, Marcus, Ryon, Zach, Jeff,
Jeremy, Shawn. TRADE and evaluate.
• FINISH MODEL plus INSTRUCTIONS 25 MINUTES –
Justin, Braiden, Kadie, Justine (Ms. M will
evaluate)
• 8:30 START NEXT UNIT
DNA – deoxyribonucleic acid
• I can describe how DNA molecules are long
chains linking four subunits (smaller
molecules) whose sequence encodes genetic
information. EALR 4 LS1
• I can illustrate the process by which gene
sequences are copied to produce proteins.
EALR 4 LS1
DNA structure NOTES pages 329-331
• DNA structure
• Nucleotides
• It is the genetic material in
the nucleus
• Nucleotides make up
nucleic acids
• 2 kinds of nucleic acids:
DNA and RNA
• DNA nucleotides:
– Sugar deoxyribose
– A phosphate
– A nitrogen containing base
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Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine
Base pairing in DNA
• Chargaff’s Rule
• Amount of A = T
• Amount of G = C
• Silly memory trick:
• G’s and C’s are curvy letters
so they go together
• A’s and T’s are straight
letters so they go together
• Bases stick together with
hydrogen bonds
• Phosphates (P) and sugars
make the backbone of
ladder
• Bases make the rungs.
• Twist into a spiral
staircase or DOUBLE
HELIX
• NOTE: the strands are
opposite or antiparallel
• X-ray diffraction
• Watson and Crick
• Rosalind Franklin took
photograph 51 showing
double helix
• Used Chargaff’s data,
photograph 51, and
built a model of DNA
Biology 3/21/12
• Entry Task – Wednesday
• Consider the diagram on page 329 (top).
What are the 3 main parts of a nucleotide?
• PS I am missing one group’s project! Please
turn in to back table with rubric and
instructions on top.
Candy DNA
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Clean all surfaces
Use instructions sheet to build your DNA.
You should work through #4 and show Ms. M.
You will need to identify all parts:
Sugar deoxyribose, phosphate, base (name them)
and say matches, 5’ end, 3’ end,
• NO EATING SCIENCE PROJECTS (until you have
shown Ms. M)
• Answer focus question #1 and turn in paper.
Biology 3/22/12
• Entry Task – Thursday
• Choose a “best work” from this class and complete the
reflection sheet.
• This could be your whole notebook, part of your notebook,
a quiz or quiz reflection, lab sheets, etc.
• Hand me your reflection sheets – I will give them to your
advisor.
• ON THE DAY OF YOUR CONFERENCE, you may come get
your best work at the end of school to show at your
conference.
• Clean your desks.
• Please get out your DNA notes and Candy DNA lab sheets.
Biology 3/23/12
Week of 3/19 to 3/23
• Entry Task – Friday
• Explain base pairing in DNA.
• Table leaders gather papers and turn them in.
DNA Replication Notes
• Semiconservative
replication
• Enzyme: Helicase
• Enzyme: DNA
polymerase
• Means parent strand
serve as template for
daughters
• Unwinds and unzips
DNA
• Adds matching
nucleotides (A=T and
G=C) starting at 3’ ends
• Leading and lagging
• Leading: One side
replicates continuously
(3’ to 5’ direction
bottom of “zipper” up)
• Lagging: The other side
replicates in small
chunks or Okazaki
fragments (3’ to 5’
direction which means
inside of “zipper”
down)
DNA replication
• Build another candy model with 6 matching nucleotides.
• Show unzipping using DNA helicase.
• Show replication by building and matching new nucleotides
on the inside of the zipper.
• REMEMBER: always add nucleotides in the 3’ to 5’
direction!!
• One side is continuous, other side is assembled in Okazaki
fragments.
• Before eating, show Ms. M your semiconservative
replication – leading parent strand, lagging parent strand
with Okazaki fragments, daughter strands
• You may consume
Biology 3/27/12
Week of 3/26 to 3/30
• Entry Task – Tuesday
• Read “Central Dogma” on page 336. Please find
and quote a summarizing sentence here.
• TODAY: Notes on DNA replication and MORE
CANDY MODELS
• THURSDAY CLASS – finish assembling candy
models through the last step and ALL questions.
• TURN SHEETS IN>
Standards and Objectives
• I can describe how DNA molecules are long
chains linking four subunits (smaller
molecules) whose sequence encodes genetic
information.
• EALR 4 LS1
• Objective: Build a candy model and
demonstrate DNA replication.
Biology 3/29/12
Week of 3/26 to 3/30
• Entry task – Thursday
• When during the cell cycle does DNA
replicate? (Hint: look of page 249) Why is this
important for cell division?
• TABLE LEADERS – turn these sheets in.
DNA replication
• Build another candy model with 12 matching nucleotides.
• Show unzipping using DNA helicase.
• Show replication by building and matching new nucleotides
on the inside of the zipper.
• REMEMBER: always add nucleotides in the 3’ to 5’
direction!!
• One side is continuous, other side is assembled in Okazaki
fragments.
• Before eating, show Ms. M your semiconservative
replication – leading parent strand, lagging parent strand
with Okazaki fragments, daughter strands
• You may consume
• ANSWER THE 5 questions at the bottom and turn sheet in.
Welcome Back!
• Thanks for being here!
• Basic expectations: be here, be respectful, do
the work!
• Don’t forget to help someone else and turn
your work in!!!
Biology 4/9/12
Week of 4/9 to 4/13
• Choose new table leaders
• Entry Task – Monday
• Where in your body is DNA? How much is there?
(http://www.eyeondna.com/2007/08/20/100-factsabout-dna/) Look at #37 and 39.
• We will finish explaining DNA replication today by
drawing pictures and answering questions.
• If you still have your DNA candy paper, take it out…
• Watch this short video to refresh your memories…
DNA structure and replication
• Answer questions #1-5
• Turn paper over.
• Down the left side, draw 6 nucleotides connected in a
polynucleotide chain.
• Down the right side, draw the 6 matching nucleotides.
• Label the 3’ and 5’ ends – remember opposites!
• Add daughter nucleotides always in the 3’ to 5’
direction.
• Explain to Ms. M what you have drawn.
• Turn the paper in.
Biology 4/10/12
• Entry Task – Tuesday
• Why do you think the analogy of DNA as a
cell’s instruction manual is a good idea?
Reread page 336.
• Today we will begin discussing how proteins
are made using the instructions of DNA
Standards and Objectives
• I can illustrate the process by which gene
sequences are copied to produce proteins.
EALR 4 LS1
Today’s Work
• We just finished showing how DNA gets copied so a cell
can divide and end up with the same amount.
• Now we will look at DNA’s “job” –it contains the secret
code, or instruction manual for making proteins.
• The DNA inside every cell, does its job every day.
• There are a number of steps:
1. DNA is transcribed to mRNA (rewritten)
2. mRNA is translated by a ribosome
3. tRNA brings the amino acids to form a chain, or
protein.
LOOK AT PAGE 339.
DNA transciption and translation
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Watch a video and take notes.
Watch an animation of the process.
What did you learn?
Write a short reflection on the “job” of DNA
and how it is read to turn into proteins which
become YOU!
Biology 4/11/12
• Entry Task – Wednesday
• List the steps from DNA to YOU (including protein
synthesis). Hint – look at yesterday’s notes.
• Today we will begin our mRNA necklaces.
• QUIZ!!! Soon on DNA structure, replication and
protein synthesis.
Today’s Work
• Write the name your mRNA necklace will code
for (probably your name).
• “Work backwards” to figure out the DNA
strand this came from.
• What color and how many beads will you
need?
• Learn the knots!
Biology 4/12/12
• Entry Task – Thursday
• In our necklaces, what does the strand
represent?
• What do the beads represent?
• What does your name represent?
ALL CLASSES 4/13/12
Week of 4/9 to 4/13
• Entry Task – Friday
• Friday Freebie!
• Table Leaders – gather your sheets, paper clip
them and turn them in.
Biology 4/16/12
Week of 4/16 to 4/20
• Choose new table leaders
• Entry Task – Monday
• DNA is a double helix. Is RNA a double or single
strand?
• What are amino acids? How do these become a
protein?
• Heads Up! Quiz on DNA structure and protein
synthesis (including transcription and translation) on
Wednesday.
Standards and Objectives
• I can illustrate the process by which gene
sequences are copied to produce proteins.
• EALR 4 LS1
Today’s Work
• Learn knots and work on necklaces.
• Choose the right number of beads for your
word.
• Remember, the beads represent the mRNA
bases. And, the bases code for the letters.
Inside a cell, the every 3 bases is a CODON to
code for an AMINO ACID.
• A series of amino acids becomes a
protein…just like a series of letters form a
word.
Biology 4/17/12
• Entry Task – Tuesday
• Why are “messenger” and “transfer” both
good names for those types of RNA? What
are their jobs?
• Consider the chart on page 339. How is it
similar/different to your codon/letter chart?
Today’s Work
• Work on necklaces.
• Answer questions on back of worksheet.
• I will be grading your participation and your
worksheet.
• Please review for the quiz!!!
DNA Quiz
• Know the process of mitosis, in which one cell divides, producing
two cells, each with copies of paired chromosomes from the
original cell.
• Know that DNA molecules are long chains of nucleotides which
each include a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate and one of 4 bases:
adenine matches thymine, guanine matches cytosine.
• Know the process of DNA replication including leading and lagging
strands, Okizaki fragments and resulting daughter strands.
• Know the process by which gene sequences are copied to produce
proteins:
1. DNA is transcribed to mRNA (rewritten) in the nucleus.
2. mRNA is translated by a ribosome in the cytoplasm.
3. tRNA brings the amino acids to form a chain, or protein.
LOOK AT PAGE 338 and 339.
Biology 4/18/12
• Entry Task – Wednesday
• Consider these standards:
• I can describe how DNA molecules are long chains
linking four subunits (smaller molecules) whose
sequence encodes genetic information.
• EALR 4 LS1
• I can illustrate the process by which gene sequences
are copied to produce proteins.
• EALR 4 LS1
• ON A SCALE OF 1 to 4, how well do you meet these
standards?
• Please enter your self assessment on your red
standards sheets.
Biology 4/19/12
• Entry Task – Thursday
• What are genes—how are they related to DNA
and proteins?
• How do you think different cells specialize to
do their job if they all contain the SAME DNA?
Quiz Expectations
• Do your best!
• Please be silent to respect your own and
other’s process.
• If finished early, check your work and read or
do other homework.
• Raise your hand if you have a question.
Biology 4/20/12
• Entry Task – Friday
• Friday Freebie for saying something nice…
• Table Leaders – please gather your entry task
sheets and turn them in…
Standard
• I can explain that regulation of cell functions can occur by
changing the activity of proteins within cells and/or by
changing whether and how often particular genes are
expressed.
• EALR 4 LS1
• READ PAGES 32 and 33 in the purple book.
• Answer the following questions:
• Explain the term “differentiation” and how this helps tune a
cell to perform a particular job.
• Compare and contrast two kinds of cells in the body and
the different proteins each makes.
• Why do heart cells need more mitochondria than other
cells? Think of some other cells in the body which might
need an abundance of mitochondria.
Biology 4/23/12
Week of 4/23 to 4/27
•
•
•
•
Choose new table leaders!!
Entry Task – Monday
Discuss and turn in cell differentiation questions:
Explain the term “differentiation” and how this
helps tune a cell to perform a particular job.
• Compare and contrast two kinds of cells in the
body and the different proteins each makes.
• Why do heart cells need more mitochondria than
other cells? Think of some other cells in the body
which might need an abundance of mitochondria.
Today’s Work
• Discuss Quizzes
• Reflections
• REQUIRED REFLECTIONS if you got 13 OR LESS.
Biology 4/24/12
• Entry Task – Tuesday
•
•
•
•
Use your book to find these answers…
What is meiosis?
What is a punnett square?
What is genotype? What is phenotype?
Standards
• I can describe and model the process of meiosis in which egg and
sperm cells are formed with only one set of chromosomes from
each parent cell.
• EALR 4 LS1
•
• I can model and explain the process of genetic recombination that
may occur during meiosis and how this then results in differing
characteristics in offspring.
• EALR 4 LS1
•
• I can describe the process of fertilization that restores the original
chromosome number while reshuffling the genetic information,
allowing for variation among offspring.
• EALR 4 LS1
Today’s Work
• Vocabulary practice – writing definitions and
pictures…
• If we have time:
• Watch video again– use pipe cleaners as
chromosomes and coffee filters as cell
membranes
• Watch and pause – model as it goes…
•
Biology 4/25/12
• Entry Task – Wednesday
• What is a dominant trait? What is a recessive
trait?
• Bioengineered: Glowing Fish and other
animals.
Meiosis – how reproductive CELLS are
made
• This is a different kind of division.
• Results in sperm or egg which have only HALF
the genetic information.
• FERTILIZATION: ½ mother’s genetics + ½
father’s genetics = 1 cell with all the genetic
information
• http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/ani
mations/content/meiosis.html
Biology 4/26/12
• Entry Task – Thursday
• What are sex chromosomes? What is
heterozygous? What is homozygous?
• PLEASE TURN IN QUIZ REFLECTIONS!!
Focus Questions: MEIOSIS
• What type of cells result from meiosis?
• If a parent cell had 46 chromosomes, how many would the
gamete cell (egg or sperm) have?
• What process restores the complete set of chromosomes?
Remember ½ mother’s genetics + ½ father’s genetics = 1
complete set
• Explain how crossing over can increase the genetic diversity
of gametes. Remember – in all parent cells ½ the genetic
material is maternal BLUE and ½ is paternal RED.
• Look at page 275. Compare and contrast meiosis.
• Draw a sketch of meiosis.
• FINISH YOUR VOCABULARY SHEET.
Today’s Work
•
•
•
•
Finish and turn in vocabulary pages.
Answer Meiosis focus questions.
Take Punnett Square notes
Punnett square practice.
Biology 4/27/12
Week of 4/23 to 4/27
• Entry Task – Friday
• Friday Freebie
• Table Leaders – please gather the papers,
paper clip and turn them in.
A few things to take note of…
• You DO NOT get credit back for only turning in
corrected answers on the quiz.
• REFLECTIONS for EACH problem wrong get credit
back:
a) What part did you not understand?
b) What new learning is now clear to you?
c) What is the correct answer?
MISSING WORK DUE MONDAY!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Biology 4/30/12
Week of 4/30 to 5/4
• Entry Task – Monday
• Read the section “Genes in pairs” on page
278. How are genes and alleles related?
• If T is dominant ability to roll tongue and t is
recessive inability to roll tongue, what is the
genotype of a person who cannot roll their
tongue?
• Take Punnett Square notes
• Punnett square practice.
Biology 5/1/12
• Entry Task – Tuesday
• If Y represents yellow flowers and y represents
white flowers, what is the phenotype of the
genotype YY? yy? Yy?
Dragon Babies
• Choose a partner – genders do not matter but
one of you will be dragon “mommy” and one
dragon “daddy”
Biology 5/2/12
• Entry Task – Wednesday
• Use a punnett square for fruit flies in which
red eyes R is dominant to pink eyes r. What is
the phenotypic ratio of a cross between a
heterozygous male and a pink eyed female?
• NOTE – missing work is DUE. Many of you are
failing only because of work not turned in…
Today’s Work
• Dragon Baby Drawings
Biology 5/3/12
• Entry Task – Thursday
• Consider the diagram on page 289 of meiosis.
Answer questions 5 and 6.
Today’s Work
• Finish recording the genotypes for all genes on all
chromosomes of Mom and Dad dragons.
• Next, toss each chromosome once onto the table.
The side that is up will be genes passed on to the
gametes which create the baby dragon. Write
them down under “egg” and “sperm”
• Consider the chart and determine your
offspring’s phenotype.
• Begin drawing or cutting/pasting your baby
dragon.
• HEADS UP: QUIZ MONDAY on meiosis and
genetics
Biology 5/4/12
• Entry Task – Friday
• Friday Freebie
• Table Leaders please gather, paper clip, and
turn in the entry task sheets.
• TODAY: review dihybrid cross HW, finish
VOCAB, draw dragon babies, Quiz Review
sheet
Two trait crosses
• WwSs x WwSs is a
dihybrid cross
• Each parent will have
four types of gametes
(WS, Ws, wS, ws). One
allele from each trait.
• Place gamete types
around the square.
One parent’s gametes
along top, other
parent’s gametes along
side.
Quiz on Meiosis and Mendelian
Genetics (EALR 4 LS1)
• I can describe and model the process of meiosis in which egg and sperm
cells are formed with only one set of chromosomes from each parent cell.
– Diploid cell becomes haploid (gamete with half the genetic information)
• I can model and explain the process of genetic recombination that may
occur during meiosis and how this then results in differing characteristics
in offspring.
– Crossing over occurs, Law of Segregation and Independent assortment
• I can describe the process of fertilization that restores the original
chromosome number while reshuffling the genetic information, allowing
for variation among offspring.
– In offspring, Half of the genetic information is paternal, half is maternal.
– Each gene has two alleles. There are dominant and recessive alleles.
• I can predict the outcome of specific genetic crosses involving two
characteristics.
– Punnett Squares, crosses, genotypes, phenotypes
– Dihybrid crosses
Biology 5/7/12
Week of 5/7 to 5/11
• Choose new table leaders
• Entry Task - Monday
• For the following standards, assess yourself from 1 to 4—also mark
these on your red/pink standards sheets…
• I can describe and model the process of meiosis in which egg and
sperm cells are formed with only one set of chromosomes from
each parent cell.
• I can model and explain the process of genetic recombination that
may occur during meiosis and how this then results in differing
characteristics in offspring.
• I can describe the process of fertilization that restores the original
chromosome number while reshuffling the genetic information,
allowing for variation among offspring.
• I can predict the outcome of specific genetic crosses involving two
characteristics.
• PREPARE FOR QUIZ>>>
EALR 4 LS 3
• I can describe the molecular process by which organisms pass on physical
and behavioral traits to offspring, as well as the environmental and genetic
factors that cause minor differences (variations) in offspring or occasional
“mistakes” in the copying of genetic material that can be inherited by
future generations (mutations).
• I can explain how a genetic mutation may or may not allow a species to
survive and reproduce in a given environment.
• I can explain how the millions of different species alive today are related
by descent from a common ancestor.
• I can explain that genes in organisms that are very different (e.g., yeast,
flies, and mammals) can be very similar because these organisms all share
a common ancestor.
• I can use the fossil record and anatomical and/or molecular (DNA)
similarities as evidence, formulate a logical argument for biological
evolution as an explanation for the development of a representative
species (e.g., birds, horses, elephants, whales).
• I can explain similarities and differences among closely related organisms
in terms of biological evolution (e.g., “Darwin’s finches” had different
beaks due to food sources on the islands where they evolved).
• I can explain biological evolution as the
consequence of the interactions of four factors:
– population growth
– inherited variability of offspring
– finite supply of resources
– natural selection by the environment of
offspring better able to survive and
reproduce.
• I can predict the effect on a species if one of the
factors of biological evolution should change.
Quiz Expectations
•
•
•
•
Work silently
Do your own work
Ask me if you have questions
Finished early? Work on your baby dragon
drawings OR vocabulary sheets OR missing
work…
• Stay quiet until EVERYONE is done.
Biology 5/8/12
• Entry Task – Tuesday
• In the dragon environment, one of their favorite and
most abundant prey animals is a turtle whose shell can
only be split by fire. Which dragon babies are more
likely to survive and reproduce? Over generations, do
you think fire breathing will increase or decrease?
What might happen to the non-fire breathing dragons?
• On the other side of the mountains, turtles have gone
extinct but birds are abundant. Which trait would you
expect in dragons there?
GO TO MR. MANN TODAY!!
• Please do not come to 1st period HERE today!!
– I have MSP Science testing.
• PLEASE take your dragon worksheets and
drawings to Mr. Mann and FINISH THEM!
• READ SECTIONS 15.1 and 15.2 (p.418-430) and
answer all ODD QUESTIONS in “Assessment”
at the end of the sections.
One more practice…
• What is the genotype for a heterozygous tall
and hairy tomato plant, where the dominant
gene is T for tall and H for hairy?
• What is the genotype for a dwarf and hairless
tomato plant?
• CROSS:
Biology 5/9/12
• Finish dragon drawings and worksheets with
Mr. Mann.
• Read text of sections 15.1 and 15.2.
• Complete review questions at the end of EACH
section
One more practice: Two trait crosses
• Cross: TtHh x tthh
• FOIL!!! Each parent
will have four types of
gametes. One allele
from each trait.
• Place gamete types
around the square.
One parent’s gametes
along top, other
parent’s gametes along
side.
Rock Pocket Mouse
• Watch video -- take notes
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/variation/
comparative/
• Run simulation to see how coat color changes
over generations of mice in a changing
environment.
• REFLECT: How do random changes in organisms
interact with a changing environment? What
happens over many generations?
Biology 5/10/12
• Entry Task – Thursday
• Finish the reflection from Tuesday:
• REFLECT: How do random changes in
organisms interact with a changing
environment? What happens over many
generations?
Today’s Work
• Go over answers and turn in DIHYBRID
HOMEWORK (the big punnett square assigned
Tuesday).
• Go over answers to dragon questions AND
TURN IN DRAGON WORKSHEETS AND
DRAWINGS!!
• Watch another power point/ video clips and
take notes.
• Complete Rock Pocket Mouse assignment.
Biology 5/11/12
Week of 5/7 to 5/11
• Entry Task – Friday
• Friday Freebie Table leaders turn in sheets…
• TURN IN DIHYBRID SQUARE HW!!!
• TURN IN DRAGON WORKSHEET AND
DRAWING!!!
• Go to NAV 101 at the announcement…
Biology 5/14/12
Week of 5/14 to 5/18
• Entry Task – Monday – turn the following in:
• Turn in Entry Task sheet from last week: 5/7
to 5/11.
• TURN IN DIHYBRID SQUARE HW!!!
• TURN IN DRAGON WORKSHEET AND
DRAWING!!!
• REVIEW Genetic Quiz – please turn
REFLECTIONS back in by Friday…8 or less
reflection required….
Natural and Artificial Selection
•
•
•
•
•
http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/evolutio
n/Selection/01.html
View power point and video clips.
Take notes.
Answer review questions.
Complete Rock Pocket mouse activity.
Evolution Focus Questions
• What is the difference between artificial and
natural selection?
• What are the four “laws of nature” which drive
change in species over time?
• How many genes control growth of bones in
dogs? How do we know dogs are all one species?
• How many generations does it take for a species
to change? Please use sticklebacks or dogs as an
example.
• How does the fossil record help us identify
changes in species over long periods of time?
Biology 5/15/12
• Entry Task – Tuesday
• Who was Charles Darwin? What did he
contribute to science? Where did he study?
Fossil Record of Changes over Time
• Watch whale fossil video.
• Construct your own fossil evidence
• Choose a partner
Biology 5/16/12
• Entry Task – Wednesday
• What are the forms of evidence we have that
species change over time (consider pages 423427, especially the headings)?
Common Ancestor
• http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/variati
on/related/
Biology 5/17/12
• Entry Task – Thursday
• Evidence suggests that the bones in bird wings
share a number of features with the bones of
dinosaur arms. What hypothesis could you
make about the evolutionary relationship
between birds and dinosaurs?
Biology 5/18/12
Week of 5/14 to 5/18
• Entry Task – Friday
• Friday Freebie
Battling Beetles
EOC Practice - RADDS