Transcript mutations review game

MUTATIONS REVIEW GAME
if the DNA codons are CAT CAT CAT,
and a guanine base is added at the
beginning, then what type of
mustation would result?
Explain what a gene/point
mutation is
3. Mutations can be:
(a) random.
(b) beneficial.
(c) lethal.
(d) heritable.
(e) all of the above.
A frameshift mutation could result from:
(a) a base insertion only.
(b) a base deletion only.
(c) a base substitution only.
(d) deletion of three consecutive bases.
(e) either an insertion or a deletion of a base.
Which point mutation would be most likely to
have a catastrophic effect on the functioning of
a protein?
(a) a base substitution
(b) a base deletion near the start of the coding
sequence
(c) a base deletion near the end of the coding
sequence
Which of these statements could be a common
misconception regarding point mutations?
(a) They involve changes in one base pair.
(b) They can cause drastic changes in
polypeptide structure.
(c) They always produce a change in the
amino acid sequence of a protein.
Sickle cell anemia is probably the result of
which kind of mutation?
(a) point mutation only
(b) frameshift mutation only
(c) nondisjunction only
(d) b and c, but not a
Using the genetic code table, identify a
possible sequence of nucleotides in the DNA
that would code for the polypeptide sequence
Phenylalanine-Proline-Lysine.
(1) AAA-GGG-UUU
(2) TTC-CCC-AAG
(3) TTT-CCA-AAA
(4) AAG-GGC-TTC
(5) UUU-CCC-AAA
Which of the following mutations would still
allow protein X to be functional?
• a. a missense mutation in the third codon of
gene x
• b. a silent mutation in the third codon of gene x
• c. a nonsense mutation in the third codon of
gene x
• d. a frameshift mutation in the third codon of
gene x
Gene mutations can be caused by:
– Viruses
– Radiation
– Chemicals
– All of the above
If the DNA strand reads ACTGCA, and is now
read as ACGGCA, what type of mutation has
occurred in this strand?
If a frameshift mutation causes a stop codon to
be inserted into the DNA sequence
• a. the resulting protein will not be affected
• b. the phenotype will change but not the
genotype
• c. the resulting protein will be too short and
non-functional
• d. the resulting protein will be too long and
non-functional
A nucleotide deletion in DNA replication
• a. causes one amino acid of the protein to be
incorrect
• b. causes all of the amino acids of the protein to
be incorrect
• c. causes the amino acids inserted after the
deletion to be incorrect
• d. causes the amino acids inserted before the
deletion to be incorrect
• e. has no effect on the resulting protein
Which of the following would be the
complementary strand to this section of DNA ATTCATACG, if a single substitution mutation
occurs?
• a. UAAGUAUGC
• b. TATGAATGC
• c. TAAGTATGG
What type of mutation occurs when a
chromosome breaks in two places, a piece of
the chromosome is removed and the
chromosome pieces remaining re-join?
• a. Inversion
• b. Deletion
• c. Translocation
What type of mutation occurs when a
chromosome breaks in two places, a piece of
the chromosome rotates and all the
chromosome pieces re-join?
• a. Inversion
• b. Duplication
• c. Translocation
• What is William’s Syndrome?
• a. a disease that all people named William
have
• b. a genetic disorder characterized by heart
problems and learning disabilities
• c. a virus found only in South America
• d. a traumatic injury caused by a hard hit to
the head resulting in loss of memory
•
•
•
•
•
What is another name for Down’s Syndrome?
a. haemophilia
b. Trisomy 21
c. Klinefelters
d. Trisomy 23
• Marfan’s Syndrome affects which of the following?
• a. The body’s connective tissue, such as skeleton,
eyes…etc.
• b. the heart, which produces extra LDL cholesterol and
clogs the normal blood circulation
• c. the red blood cells, which weakens them greatly and
makes them an easy target for viruses and bacteria
• d. The active site of certain enzymes that helps the
body digest the BIG 4 Macromolecules
• Why is XYY not considered to be an actual
syndrome?
• a. Not enough people are affected by it
• b. the characteristics are subtle and not
dangerous
• c. there is not enough data to say that this is a
syndrome
• d. because it is easily treatable
• Which of the following is false concerning
Turners syndrome?
• a. females with Turners can benefit from
hormone therapy
• b. females with Turners will benefit from regularly
visiting a cardiologist
• c. the symptoms of Turners syndrome cannot be
treated
• d. females with Turners are not able to have
children due to underdeveloped ovaries
• Which race has the highest risk of having
Cystic Fibrosis?
• a. Caucasian
• b. Hispanic
• c. African –American
• d. Asian
•
•
•
•
What is Cystic Fibrosis?
a. an injury that occurs in the mitochondria
b. sets of fibers in muscles
c. a genetic condition in which the lungs and
digestive system become clogged with mucus
• d. occurs when a piece of chromosome 5 is
missing
• Hemophilia is an x-linked recessive disorder; a
son can get Hemophilia if he inherits……
• a. two normal XY chromosomes; Hemophilia
normally arises spontaneously.
• b. the recessive gene for blood clotting factor
from his mother
• c. the recessive gene for blood clotting factor
from his father
• d. the recessive gene for blood clotting from both
his mother and father
• What is progeria?
• a. a disease that affects chromosome 14, and
creates odd cat like vocalizations
• b. a type of protein made inside of cells that is
responsible for pigment formation
• c. an enzyme that breaks down the sugar
progase
• d. a very rare genetic disorder that causes
premature aging
• What does the term “Mosaic Down Syndrome”
mean?
• a. two distinct cell groupings, in which some cells
have 46 chromosomes, and some cells have 47
chromosomes
• b. when the 23rd chromosome pairs with the 12th
chromosome
• c. when the 21st chromosome splits into two cells
• d. chromosome 17 is missing a pair
•
•
•
•
What is Cystic Fibrosis?
a. an injury that occurs in the mitochondria
b. sets of fibers in muscles
c. a genetic condition in which the lungs and
digestive system become clogged with mucus
• d. occurs when a piece of chromosome 5 is
missing
• Which race has the highest risk of having
Cystic Fibrosis?
• a. Caucasian
• b. Hispanic
• c. African –American
• d. Asian
• Which of the following is false concerning
Turners syndrome?
• a. females with Turners can benefit from
hormone therapy
• b. females with Turners will benefit from regularly
visiting a cardiologist
• c. the symptoms of Turners syndrome cannot be
treated
• d. females with Turners are not able to have
children due to underdeveloped ovaries
• Marfan’s Syndrome affects which of the following?
• a. The body’s connective tissue, such as skeleton,
eyes…etc.
• b. the heart, which produces extra LDL cholesterol and
clogs the normal blood circulation
• c. the red blood cells, which weakens them greatly and
makes them an easy target for viruses and bacteria
• d. The active site of certain enzymes that helps the
body digest the BIG 4 Macromolecules
• What is William’s Syndrome?
• a. a disease that all people named William
have
• b. a genetic disorder characterized by heart
problems and learning disabilities
• c. a virus found only in South America
• d. a traumatic injury caused by a hard hit to
the head resulting in loss of memory
• Which of the following types of Albinism is
the most common?
• a. oculocutaneous b. x-linked c. hermanskypudlak d. chediak-higashi
• What causes the symptoms of Albinism?
• a. the lack of sunlight and uv rays
• b. a defect in one of several genes that
produce or distribute melanin
• c. too much exposure to uv light from the sun
• d. all of the above
• A person with achondroplasia will have a
mutation of the FGFR3 gene, what does this
gene code for?
• a. growth maintenance
• b. hormone production
• c. cell repair
• d. digestion
• If obesity is a possible symptom of
achondroplasia, which of the following could
be a direct or indirect result of that?
• a. breathing problems
• b. nonstop bleeding
• c. swelling of the eyeballs
• d. abnormally small esophagus
• What causes Klinefelter’s syndrome?
• a. an extra X chromosome in the cells of a
male
• b. an extra Y chromosome in the cells of a
male
• c. an extra X chromosome in the cells of a
female
• d. the lack of one X chromosome in the cells
of a female
• . Why is XYY not considered to be an actual
syndrome?
• a. Not enough people are affected by it
• b. the characteristics are subtle and not
dangerous
• c. there is not enough data to say that this is a
syndrome
• d. because it is easily treatable