Transcript Camouflage, Mimicry, Mating Coloration, Warning Coloration

Genotype & Phenotype
Genotype
The genetic makeup of an individual.
Phenotype
Any measurable trait of an individual.
Phenotype results from an interaction between genotype and
environment.
•Individuals differ as a result of different genotypes interacting
with different environments.
• Genetically identical individuals have identical genotypes,
but their phenotype will differ to a greater or lesser extent.
Two individuals of the same genotype will not have the same
phenotype.
What is genetic diversity?
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Review: Biodiversity –
Different types of
populations. Ex. Horses
and polar bears
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Genetic DiversityGenetic differences
within a population.
Why is genetic
diversity important?
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A more genetically diverse
population is more likely to
contain some individuals that
have the traits necessary to
survive and adapt to changes
in the environment than
populations that aren’t as
genetically diverse.
HEY! IT'S BIGS BUNNY
What is the relationship between the size of a
population and its genetic diversity?
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As a population becomes smaller, some
variation in traits is lost.
Fewer individuals = less likely that there
will be one with the traits necessary to
survive in times of environmental stress.
smaller populations are more vulnerable
to extinction.
Natural Selection

Natural selection rests on three indisputable facts:

• Organisms produce more offspring than can survive.
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• Individuals vary in their characteristics.
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• Many characteristics are inherited by offspring from their
parents.
Survival of the Fittest
Individuals compete for
limited resources.
 Certain genetic traits allow
better adaptation to
environmental change.
 Individuals with these traits
will survive and reproduce
more successfully than
individuals without those
traits.
• Future generations will
contain more genes from
better-suited individuals.
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Adaptations:
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Camouflage: Concealing form and coloration
which enables a species to avoid predators.
Mimicry: One insect resembles another in
order to fool its predators.
Color
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Warning Coloration: Animals that taste,
smell, sting, or are poisonous often exhibit
bright colors to warn of their presence
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Mating Coloration: Bright colorations among
the males of some animals gives the male a
definite advantage in mate attraction.
Camouflage,
Walking stick photographed at the San
Diego Wild Animal Park.
The bright coloration on this strawberry
poison dart frog is an example of "warning
coloration"
These two katydids sitting on a tomato
plant are well camouflaged.
Some insects display bright colorations and appear
ominous even though they are relatively harmless.
A walking stick insect and a preying
mantis.
A female owl butterfly has a prominent "eye spot"
thought to mimic an owl’s eye,
The male uses his bright red, inflated throat pouch to
attract a female. The brightly colored feathers of a
peacock are displayed in a fan to the peahen.
One of these insects is a stinging honeybee
and the other is a harmless fly that mimics
the bee.
Leafy sea dragon one of the most remarkable
examples of camouflage in the animal kingdom.
Moth mimics a wasp
Leaf insect
Can you spot the pipefish in this bed of
eelgrass?
The male wood duck is brightly colored while the
female is brown and camouflaged.
A well-camouflaged flatfish.
Monarch butterflies are toxic and
distasteful.. Another butterfly with similar
colorations and markings is the Viceroy.