Transcript Who Wants to Pass Biologychapter 13too

Who Wants to Pass Biology?
Chapter 13
Biotechnology
True or False?
• DNA fingerprinting can be used to identify the
father of a child, but not the mother.
True or False?
• PCR is often used in forensic (crime-related)
identification work because the samples found
are usually contaminated.
True or False?
• Microarray analysis of gene expression in a cell
involves extracting the proteins from that cell.
True or False?
• The human genome is made up of 32
chromosomes.
True or False?
• Gene expression profiles between normal cells
and cancer cells can be compared using
microarray technology.
True or False?
• In the electrophoresis gel shown in Figure 13-1,
the DNA located in the band labeled C is longer
than the DNA located in the band labeled A.
In 1974, Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer inserted a gene from an African
clawed frog into a bacterium. The bacterium produced the protein coded for
by the inserted frog gene. The bacterium containing functional frog DNA
would be classified as a _________.
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A.
B.
C.
D.
Transgenic organism
Plasmid
DNA fingerprint
Clone
In pea plants, inflated pods (R) are dominant to
constricted pods (r). Which of the following is a cross
between inflated pods and constricted pods?
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A. Rr x Rr
B. RR x rr
C . RR x Rr
D. RR x RR
A virus isolated from monkeys contains a circular double strand of DNA. The virus, called Simian
Virus 40, interests scientists because it causes cancer in laboratory animals. Using a restriction
enzyme, the strand is separated into six unequal segments. A scientists hypothesizes that the
segment of the DNA causing cancer can contain no fewer than 600 base pairs. Which segment of the
virus has the highest chance of containing the segment of interest? Identify the DESCENDING order,
from the HIGHEST chance to the LOWEST.
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A.
B.
C.
D.
D, E, F
A, B, C
F, E, D
C, B, A
The segments are in the
following order (ADBCEF)
A (1768 base pairs)
B (1169 base pairs)
C (1100 base pairs)
D (520 base pairs)
E (447 base pairs)
F (215 base pairs)
What is the genotype of the unknown rabbit (long ears)
crossed with short ears if long ears are dominant and the
genotypic and phenotypic ratios of the offspring are 1:1?
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A.
B.
C.
D.
Recessive
Heterozygous
Homozygous short ears
Homozygous long ears
What would be the result of the test cross of the rabbits
in the previous question if the unknown were homozygous
long ears?
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A.
B.
C.
D.
¼ of the offspring would have short ears
All of the offspring would have short ears
All of the offspring would have long ears
½ of the offspring would have long ears
What must be on either end of any genetic
material that is inserted into the cleaved DNA in
Figure 13-4?
• A. 5’CCGG3’
• B. 5’CGCG3’
• C. 5’ATAT3’
3’G
AATTC5’
• D. 5’AATT3’
5’CTTAA
G3’
Figure 13.4
What genotypes are produced by a
program of inbreeding?
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A.
B.
C.
D.
Only homozygous
Only heterozygous
Only dominant homozygous
Only recessive homozygous
According to Figure 13-6, which parents might
give a false positive if only the longer DNA
fragments were analyzed?
• A. D
• B. C
• C. B
• D. A
According to Figure 13-6, which are
the parents of the child?
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A.
B.
C.
D.
D
C
B
A
Which DNA sequence in Figure 13-5 will be
cleaved by EcoRI, which cuts AATT/TTAA?
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B.
C.
D.
D
C
B
A
A. CAGGATCCCATG
CTCCTAGGGTAC
B. GACTAGGTACCAA
CTGATCCATGGTT
C. GCAGAATTCGATC
CGTCTTAAGCTAG
D. AAGCTTGACTA
TTCGAACTGAT
Figure 13.5
In a test cross, if one parent’s
genotype is homozygous dominant
• A. 1/4 of the offspring will have the dominant
phenotype
• B. ½ of the offspring will have the dominant
phenotype
• C. ¾ of the offspring will have the dominant
phenotype
• D. All of the offspring will have the dominant
phenotype
What is the purpose of producing a
line by inbreeding?
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A.
B.
C.
D.
Eliminating hidden variations
Eliminating recessive traits
Reducing dominant traits
Reducing the number of genes
What is the name of the method whereby
developing pure lines, breeders preserve
desirable traits?
• A. Mass selection
• B. Cross pollination
• C. Inbreeding
• D. Hybridization
What is the name used to describe a cross between two
varieties of a plant used in an attempt to create a new
variety with traits form both parents?
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A. Selective breeding
B . Polyploid planting
C. Hybridization
D. Cloning
The process by which plants are bred to produce
larger fruits and a longer growing time is called
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B.
C.
D.
Selective breeding
Recessive breeding
Offspring breeding
Dominant breeding
The offspring of the cross-fertilization of pea
plants with purple flowers and pea plants with
white flowers are called
• A. Recessive breeds
• B. Pure breeds
• C. Hybrids
• D. Gametes
A researcher has been asked to develop a new strain of corn that has high oil
content and low protein content. Given that the lab has five pure-breeding
varieties of corn with the desired characteristics, be able to tell which strains
the researcher should cross to begin to reach the desired goal of the program.
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Characteristics of Corn Strains
Strain 1
Strain 2
Strain 3
Strain 4
Strain 5
• A. Strain 4 x Strain 2
• C. Strain 3 x Strain 4
% Oil %Protein
5.0
2.0
8.0
7.5
0.5
3.0
5.2
5.8
4.0
14.0
B. Strain 2 x Strain 5
D. Strain 1 x Strain 2
A genetically engineered organism that contains a
gene from another organism is called a
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B.
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D.
Cloned organism
Transgenic organism
Genetic organism
Bacterial organism
Santa Gertrudis cattle were developed by mating shorthorn beef cattle, who
produce high quality beef with heat- and insect- resistant Brahman cattle
from India. The result of this cross are cattle that are resistant to heat and
insects and also produce high-quality beef. This process is an example of
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B.
C.
D.
Inbreeding
Hybridization
Genetic engineering
Cloning
Researchers can determine the difference
between normal and disease states of the human
body by analyzing the structure and function of
• A. Single proteins
• B. Singe phosphate groups
• C. Large numbers of proteins
• D. Large numbers of phosphate groups
Regions of linked variations in the genome that
can be associated with human diseases are known
as
• A. Non-coding regions
• B. Coding regions
• C. Plasmids
• D. Haplotypes
Why have viruses been used in gene
therapy in humans?
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A.
B.
C.
D.
They contain restriction endonucleases
They are disease-causing factors
They are passed from one person to another
They inject DNA into cells
The regions of DNA that are unique to
each individual are the
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A.
B.
C.
D.
Protein-coding regions
Non-coding regions
Phosphate regions
Nucleotide regions
What is the term used to describe the complete
genetic information of a cell or organism?
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B.
C.
D.
Nulceotide
Haplotype
Genome
Clone
In which of these processes do
scientists use restriction enzymes?
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B.
C.
D.
Selective breeding
Inbreeding
Hybridization
Genetic engineering
Which outcome is possible using genetic
engineering, but not using selective breeding?
• A. A hairless variety of cow
• B. A bacterium that produces human insulin
• C. Corn that produces one large corn cob per
plant
• D. A sheep with wool longer than wool produced
by any other sheep
A DNA molecule containing regions
from different sources is called?
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B.
C.
D.
Template DNA
Restriction DNA
Recombinant DNA
DNA ligase
Matching
• An identical copy of an organism ______
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B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Restriction enzyme
Clone
Genetic engineering
Test cross
Transgenic organism
Gel electrophoresis
Genome
H. Gene therapy
I. Selective breeding
J. Haplotypes
K. Hybrid
Matching
• Genetic variation that are closely linked together
_____________
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A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Restriction enzyme
Clone
Genetic engineering
Test cross
Transgenic organism
Gel electrophoresis
Genome
H. Gene therapy
I. Selective breeding
J. Haplotypes
K. Hybrid
Matching
• A technique aimed at correcting mutated genes
that cause human diseases __________
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B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Restriction enzyme
Clone
Genetic engineering
Test cross
Transgenic organism
Gel electrophoresis
Genome
H. Gene therapy
I. Selective breeding
J. Haplotypes
K. Hybrid
Matching
• A genetically engineered organism that contains
a gene from another organism _________
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A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Restriction enzyme
Clone
Genetic engineering
Test cross
Transgenic organism
Gel electrophoresis
Genome
H. Gene therapy
I. Selective breeding
J. Haplotypes
K. Hybrid
Matching
• Technique that separates DNA fragments by size
• ________
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A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Restriction enzyme
Clone
Genetic engineering
Test cross
Transgenic organism
Gel electrophoresis
Genome
H. Gene therapy
I. Selective breeding
J. Haplotypes
K. Hybrid
Matching
• The total DNA present in the nucleus of each cell
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A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Restriction enzyme
Clone
Genetic engineering
Test cross
Transgenic organism
Gel electrophoresis
Genome
H. Gene therapy
I. Selective breeding
J. Haplotypes
K. Hybrid
Matching
• Inserting the DNA of one organism into the DNA of
another organism ____________
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A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Restriction enzyme
Clone
Genetic engineering
Test cross
Transgenic organism
Gel electrophoresis
Genome
H. Gene therapy
I. Selective breeding
J. Haplotypes
K. Hybrid
Matching
• A method of determining an exact genotype ____
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B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Restriction enzyme
Clone
Genetic engineering
Test cross
Transgenic organism
Gel electrophoresis
Genome
H. Gene therapy
I. Selective breeding
J. Haplotypes
K. Hybrid
Problem
• A breeder does a test cross with an individual
with a dominant phenotype to determine
whether that individual is heterozygous or
homozygous. Ten offspring are produced and
they are all of the dominant phenotype. Has the
researcher proved that the unknown parent is
homozygous dominant ? Explain.