Transcript File - jj-sct

CAMPBELL
BIOLOGY
TENTH
EDITION
Reece • Urry • Cain • Wasserman • Minorsky • Jackson
32
An Overview of
Animal Diversity
Clicker Questions by
Roberta Batorsky
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What should animals with radial symmetry be better
able to do than those with bilateral symmetry?
a) move quickly in one direction
b) detect threats from above or below equally well
c) deal effectively with food distributed
homogeneously in 360
d) focus attention in a single direction
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What should animals with radial symmetry be better
able to do than those with bilateral symmetry?
a) move quickly in one direction
b) detect threats from above or below equally well
c) deal effectively with food distributed
homogeneously in 360
d) focus attention in a single direction
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is true of modern animal phylogenies?
a) They take no account of an animal’s “body plan.”
b) They portray an animal’s place on the scale of
nature (scala naturae).
c) They rely solely on molecular (genetic) data.
d) They are hypothetical.
e) They are immune from error due to homoplasy.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is true of modern animal phylogenies?
a) They take no account of an animal’s “body plan.”
b) They portray an animal’s place on the scale of
nature (scala naturae).
c) They rely solely on molecular (genetic) data.
d) They are hypothetical.
e) They are immune from error due to homoplasy.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of these genetic changes is thought to have led
to the increasing complexity of the arthropod body
plan?
a) increased number of Hox genes for body
segmentation
b) changes in regulation of Hox genes for body
segmentation
c) increased number of Hox genes for appendages
d) changes in regulation of Hox genes for appendages
e) increased complexity in genes for exoskeleton
arrangements
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of these genetic changes is thought to have led
to the increasing complexity of the arthropod body
plan?
a) increased number of Hox genes for body
segmentation
b) changes in regulation of Hox genes for body
segmentation
c) increased number of Hox genes for appendages
d) changes in regulation of Hox genes for appendages
e) increased complexity in genes for exoskeleton
arrangements
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following statements about Hox genes is
incorrect?
a) The Hox gene family underwent a series of
duplications.
b) Most animals share a unique homeobox-containing
family of genes.
c) Hox genes regulate the formation of the anteriorposterior axis.
d) Simple animals such as sponges possess Hox
genes.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following statements about Hox genes is
incorrect?
a) The Hox gene family underwent a series of
duplications.
b) Most animals share a unique homeobox-containing
family of genes.
c) Hox genes regulate the formation of the anteriorposterior axis.
d) Simple animals such as sponges possess Hox
genes.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Scientists researching the origins of multicellularity
compared protein domains of ___________ proteins
of unicellular organisms with those of certain animals.
a) fibrillin
b) collagen
c) elastin
d) cadherin
e) keratin
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Scientists researching the origins of multicellularity
compared protein domains of ___________ proteins
of unicellular organisms with those of certain animals.
a) fibrillin
b) collagen
c) elastin
d) cadherin
e) keratin
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Reasons for the rise in the diversity of animal phyla
during the Cambrian include all of the following
except
a) predators acquired novel adaptations
b) prey species acquired new defenses
c) an increase in atmospheric oxygen permitted larger
bodied animals to thrive
d) hox genes facilitated the evolution of new forms
e) global cooling triggered shifts in animal lineages
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Reasons for the rise in the diversity of animal phyla
during the Cambrian include all of the following
except
a) predators acquired novel adaptations
b) prey species acquired new defenses
c) an increase in atmospheric oxygen permitted larger
bodied animals to thrive
d) hox genes facilitated the evolution of new forms
e) global cooling triggered shifts in animal lineages
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following triploblastic organisms is
incorrectly matched with the type of body cavity it
possesses?
a) pseudocoelomate—flatworm
b) coelomate—earthworm
c) acoelomate—planarian
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following triploblastic organisms is
incorrectly matched with the type of body cavity it
possesses?
a) pseudocoelomate—flatworm
b) coelomate—earthworm
c) acoelomate—planarian
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
In which of the following types of cleavage patterns
does each cell have the capacity to develop into a
complete embryo?
a) determinate cleavage
b) indeterminate cleavage
c) spiral cleavage
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
In which of the following types of cleavage patterns
does each cell have the capacity to develop into a
complete embryo?
a) determinate cleavage
b) indeterminate cleavage
c) spiral cleavage
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is not a major clade of
bilaterian animals?
a) Deuterostomia
b) Lophotrochozoa
c) Ecdysozoa
d) Eumetazoa
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is not a major clade of
bilaterian animals?
a) Deuterostomia
b) Lophotrochozoa
c) Ecdysozoa
d) Eumetazoa
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
During the Neoproterozoic era, all except which of
the following would have been true?
a) Soft-bodied, multicellular eukaryotes could be
found.
b) Molluscs, sponges and cnidarians could be found.
c) Predation existed.
d) Animal diversity decreased.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
During the Neoproterozoic era, all except which of
the following would have been true?
a) Soft-bodied, multicellular eukaryotes could be
found.
b) Molluscs, sponges and cnidarians could be found.
c) Predation existed.
d) Animal diversity decreased.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Scientific Skills Exercises
Animal phyla vary greatly in morphology, from simple
sponges that lack tissues and symmetry to complex
vertebrates. Members of different animal phyla have
similar developmental genes, but the number of miRNAs
(microRNAs) varies considerably. These small RNAs are
involved in the regulation of gene expression. In this
exercise, you will explore whether miRNA diversity is
correlated to morphological complexity.
In the analysis, miRNA diversity is represented by the
average number of miRNAs in a phylum (x), while
morphological complexity is represented by the average
number of cell types in that phylum (y). Researchers
examined the relationship between these two variables
by calculating the correlation coefficient (r).
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
For the eighth observation (I = 8),
identify the animal phylum, xi,
and yi.
a) Phylum Cephalochordata:
xi = 33; yi = 68
b) Phylum Urochordata:
xi = 77; yi = 25
c) Phylum Porifera: xi = 5.8;
yi = 25
d) Phylum Urochordata:
xi = 25; yi = 77
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
For the eighth observation (I = 8),
identify the animal phylum, xi,
and yi.
a) Phylum Cephalochordata:
xi = 33; yi = 68
b) Phylum Urochordata:
xi = 77; yi = 25
c) Phylum Porifera: xi = 5.8;
yi = 25
d) Phylum Urochordata:
xi = 25; yi = 77
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which animal phylum has
greater complexity than
Urochordata?
a) Echinodermata
b) Annelida
c) Arthropoda
d) All animals are equally
complex.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which animal phylum has
greater complexity than
Urochordata?
a) Echinodermata
b) Annelida
c) Arthropoda
d) All animals are equally
complex.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.