Transcript Plant Development presentation

An Introduction to Plant
Development
(Because Plants are the Best)
Vicky Spencer, 2nd Year PhD Student
Outline:
-Presentation: Introduction to Plant Development
- Focus on Flower Development
-Flower Dissection + Slide examination
-Recent Publication + Summary Presentation
Understanding Plant Development is crucial
Plant structure is highly diverse
Model Plant Species
Arabidopsis thaliana Antirhinum majus
e.g., Growth and organ e.g., Flower symmetry
formation
and evolution
Nicotiana benthamiana Solanum lycopersicum
e.g., Disease and
immunity
e.g., Fruit formation
Angiosperms are the most diverse group of land Plants
Flowers facilitate Plant Reproduction
Flowering Plants use different strategies to attract Pollinators
JAN
FEB
MAY
JUN
SEP
OCT
MAR
JUL
NOV
APR
AUG
DEC
Flowers typically have 4 main Organs
CARPEL/
Flowers typically have 4 main Organs
Stamen
Carpel
Petal
Sepal
The Arabidopsis thaliana flower
The Main Four Floral Organs are Positioned in
Concentric Whorls
1 Sepal
2 Petal
3 Stamen
4 Carpel
3 Stamen
2 Petal
1 Sepal
4 Carpel
Three Classes of Homeotic Genes determine
Organ Identity
A genes
B genes
C genes
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
4
4
The ABC Model
B
B
A
A
C
C
1
2
3
4
Sepal
Petal
Stamen
Carpel
A well established model of Developmental
Positioning
A Gene Mutations
B
B
A
A
C
C
1
2
3
4
Sepal
Petal
Stamen
Carpel
Can you guess the phenotype?
A Gene Mutations
Wild Type
A Gene Mutations
A gene mutant
Wild Type
B
B
C
C
C
C
1
2
3
4
Carpel
Stamen
Stamen
Carpel
B Gene Mutations
B
B
A
A
C
C
1
2
3
4
Sepal
Petal
Stamen
Carpel
Can you guess the phenotype?
B Gene Mutations
Wild Type
B Gene Mutations
B gene mutant
Wild Type
A
A
C
C
1
2
3
4
Sepal
Sepal
Carpel
Carpel
C Gene Mutations
B
B
A
A
C
C
1
2
3
4
Sepal
Petal
Stamen
Carpel
Can you guess the phenotype?
C Gene Mutations
Wild Type
C Gene Mutations
C gene mutant
Wild Type
B
B
A
A
A
A
1
2
3
4
Sepal
Petal
Petal
Sepal
AB Gene Mutations
AB gene mutant
Wild Type
C
C
C
C
1
2
3
4
Carpel
Carpel
Carpel
Carpel
BC Gene Mutations
BC gene mutant
Wild Type
A
A
A
A
1
2
3
4
Sepal
Sepal
Sepal
Sepal
AC Gene Mutations
AC gene mutant
Wild Type
1
Leaf
B
B
2
3
Petal/Stamen
4
Leaf
ABC Gene Mutations
ABC gene mutant
Wild Type
1
2
3
4
Leaf
Leaf
Leaf
Leaf
Three Classes of Homeotic Genes determine
Organ Identity
A genes
B genes
C genes
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
4
4
Expression of B Function Genes
1 Sepal
4 Carpel
3 Stamen 2 Petal
Expression of C Function Genes
1 Sepal
4 Carpel
3 Stamen
2 Petal
Flower Dissection
CARPEL/
Arabidopsis
Chrysanthemum
Lily
Sunflower
Calla Lily
Gerbera
Eudicot
Monocots
Chrysanthemum
Lily
Sunflower
Calla Lily
Gerbera
Eudicots- Asteraceae
Arabidopsis
Members of the sunflower family (Asteraceae)
are characterized by having a capitulum
Genes expressed during early Capitulum
Development specify floret identity
Expression of RAY and DIV genes are localised to different
florets, and can establish asymmetry in the Ray floret
Garcês et al., 2016
Summary:
• Plant development research is crucial for understanding
production of economically important resources such as fruits,
seeds, and wood.
• The ABC model is a well characterised developmental
patterning pathway, that determines the structure of a flower.
• Asteraceae have small individual flowers that cluster together
to mimic a solitary flower, therefore increasing seed
production.
• Research will allow development of new technologies such as
increased food production, which will be vital to feed the
increasing human population.
Acknowledgements:
Dr Minsung Kim
Dr Helena Garces
BBSRC
Thank you for Listening!