Transcript GENETICS REVIEWAPRIL3x

One variety of strawberry is resistant to a
damaging fungus, but produces small fruit.
Another strawberry variety produces large
fruit, but is not resistant to the same
fungus. The two desirable qualities may be
combined in a new variety of strawberry
plant by
(1) cloning
(2) asexual reproduction
(3) direct harvesting
(4) selective breeding
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The diagram below represents a portion of
a type of organic molecule present in the
cells of organisms.
What will most likely happen if there is
a change in the base sequence of this
molecule?
(1) The molecule will be converted into
an inorganic compound.
(2) The amino acid sequence may be
altered during protein synthesis.
(3) The chromosome number will
decrease in future generations.
(4) The chromosome number may
increase within the organisms.
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Four different segments of a DNA
molecule are represented below.
There is an error in the DNA
molecule in
(1) segment 1, only
(2) segments 2 and 3
(3) segment 3, only
(4) segments 2 and 4
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When changes occur in the genes of
sex cells, these changes
(1) lead to mutations in the parent
organism
(2) are always harmful to the offspring
(3) can be the basis for evolutionary
change
(4) only affect asexually reproducing
organisms
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Asexual reproduction produces
offspring that each contain
(1) genetic information from one parent
(2) genetic information from two
parents
(3) less genetic information than either
parent
(4) a unique combination of genetic
information
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The molecule represented below is
found in living things.
Which statement describes one
characteristic of this molecule?
(1) It is the template for the
replication of genetic information.
(2) Organic catalysts are made up of
these molecules.
(3) It is different in each cell of an
organism.
(4) Cell membranes contain many of
these molecules.
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A mutation changes a gene in a cell in
the stomach of an organism. This
mutation could cause a change in
(1) both the organism and its offspring
(2) the organism, but not its offspring
(3) its offspring, but not the organism
itself
(4) neither the organism nor its
offspring
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When DNA separates into two
strands, the DNA would most likely be
directly involved in
(1) replication
(2) fertilization
(3) differentiation
(4) evolution
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The instructions for the traits of an
organism are coded in the arrangement
of
(1) glucose units in carbohydrate
molecules
(2) bases in DNA in the nucleus
(3) fat molecules in the cell membrane
(4) energy-rich bonds in starch
molecules
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Which statement is true regarding an
alteration or change in DNA?
(1) It is always known as a mutation.
(2) It is always advantageous to an
individual.
(3) It is always passed on to
offspring.
(4) It is always detected by the
process of chromatography
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Scientific studies show that identical twins who were
separated at birth and raised in different homes may vary in
height, weight, and intelligence. The most probable
explanation for these differences is that
(1) original genes of each twin increased in number as
they developed
(2) one twin received genes only from the mother
while the other twin received genes only from the
father
(3) environments in which they were raised were
different enough to affect the expression of their
genes
(4) environments in which they were raised
1 2
were different enough to change the genetic
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makeup of both individuals
The DNA of a human cell can
be cut and rearranged by using
(1) a scalpel
(2) Electrophoresis
(3) hormones
(4) enzymes
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Asexually reproducing organisms
pass on hereditary information as
(1)sequences of A, T, C, and G
(2)chains of complex amino acids
(3)folded protein molecules
(4)simple inorganic sugars
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For centuries, certain animals have been crossed to
produce offspring that have desirable qualities.
Dogs have been mated to produce Labradors,
beagles, and poodles. All of these dogs look and
behave very differently from one another. This
technique of producing organisms with specific
qualities is known as
(1)gene replication
(2)natural selection
(3)random mutation
(4)selective breeding
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The diagram below shows some of the
steps in protein synthesis.
The section of DNA
being used to make
the strand of mRNA
is known as a
(1)carbohydrate
(2)Gene
(3)ribosome
(4)chromosome
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Which row in the chart below best
describes what happens when some DNA
bases are deleted from a gene?
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A researcher recently discovered a new species of
bacteria in the body of a tubeworm living near a
hydrothermal vent. He compared the DNA of this
new bacterial species to the DNA of four other
species of bacteria. The DNA sequences came from
the same part of the bacterial
chromosome of all four species.
According to these data, the
unknown bacterial
species is most closely related
to
(1)species I
(3)species III
(2)species II
(4)species IV
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Molecule 1 represents a
segment of hereditary
information, and molecule 2
represents the portion of a
molecule that is determined by
information from molecule 1.
What will most likely happen if there is a change in the first
three subunits on the upper strand of molecule 1?
(1) The remaining subunits in molecule 1 will also change.
(2) A portion of molecule 2 may be different.
(3) Molecule 1 will split apart, triggering an immune response.
(4) Molecule 2 may form two strands rather than one.
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The diagram below
represents a process
that occurs within a cell
in the human pancreas.
This process is known as
(1) digestion by enzymes
(2) protein synthesis
(3) energy production
(4) replication of DNA
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The diagrams below represent portions of the genes
that code for wing structure in two organisms of the
same species. Gene 1 was taken from the cells of a
female with normal wings, and gene 2 was taken from
the cells of a female with abnormal wings
The abnormal wing
structure was most
likely due to
(1)an insertion
(2)a substitution
(3) a deletion
(4) normal replication
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Which phrases best identify characteristics
of asexual reproduction?
(1) one parent, union of gametes, offspring
similar to but not genetically identical to the
parent
(2) one parent, no union of gametes, offspring
genetically identical to parents
(3) two parents, union of gametes, offspring
similar to but not genetically identical to
parents
(4) two parents, no union of gametes,
offspring genetically identical to parents
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The type of molecule represented
below is found in organisms.
Which statement correctly describes
the sequence of bases found in this
type of molecule?
(1) It changes every time it replicates.
(2) It determines the characteristics
that will be inherited.
(3) It is exactly the same in all
organisms.
(4) It directly controls the synthesis
of starch within a cell.
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Which cell structure is correctly
paired with its primary function?
(1) ribosome–protein synthesis
(2) mitochondrion–movement
(3) vacuole–cell division
(4) nucleus–storage of nutrients
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Which statement best describes a
human chromosome?
(1) It is made of amino acid subunits
that form genes.
(2) It contains genes that may code
for the production of enzymes.
(3) It is normally passed to the next
generation through a placenta.
(4) It varies in function from one
1
generation to the next.
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If 15% of a DNA sample is made up of
thymine, T, what percentage of the
sample is made up of cytosine, C?
(1) 15%
(3) 70%
(2) 35%
(4) 85%
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To produce large tomatoes that are
resistant to cracking and splitting,
some seed companies use the pollen
from one variety of tomato plant to
fertilize a different variety of tomato
plant. This process is an example of
(1) selective breeding
(2) DNA sequencing
(3) direct harvesting
(4) cloning
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The genetic code of a DNA molecule is
determined by a specific sequence of
(1) ATP molecules
(2) sugar molecules
(3) chemical bonds
(4) molecular bases
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The sequence of subunits in a protein is
most directly dependent on the
(1) region in the cell where enzymes are
produced
(2) DNA in the chromosomes in a cell
(3) type of cell in which starch is found
(4) kinds of materials in the cell
membrane
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What determines the kind of genes an
organism possesses?
(1) type of amino acids in the cells of
the organism
(2) sequence of the subunits A, T, C,
and G in the DNA of the organism
(3) size of simple sugar molecules in
the organs of the organism
(4) shape of the protein molecules in
1
the organelles of the organism
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Which statement is true regarding an
alteration or change in DNA?
(1) It is always known as a mutation.
(2) It is always advantageous to an
individual.
(3) It is always passed on to
offspring.
(4) It is always detected by the
process of chromatography.
1
3
2
4
The instructions for the traits of an
organism are coded in the arrangement
of
(1) glucose units in carbohydrate
molecules
(2) bases in DNA in the nucleus
(3) fat molecules in the cell membrane
(4) energy-rich bonds in starch
molecules
1
3
2
4
The largest amount of DNA in
a plant cell is contained in
(1) a nucleus
(2) a chromosome
(3) a protein molecule
(4) an enzyme molecule
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The DNA of a human cell
can be cut and rearranged
by using
(1) a scalpel
(2) Hormone
(3) electrophoresis
(4) enzymes
1
3
2
4
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