12.2 Complex patterns of inheritance
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Transcript 12.2 Complex patterns of inheritance
12.2 Complex
patterns of inheritance
Complex patterns of inheritance
Mendel’s experiments show simple
inheritance with recessive and dominant
alleles
Some patterns of inheritance are more
complex
Complex patterns of inheritance
Incomplete dominance
Codominance
Multiple alleles
Sex-linked inheritance
Polygenic inheritance
Environmental factors
Incomplete dominance
Phenotype of the heterozygote is in
between the phenotypes of the
homozygotes
RR=red pigment
R1R1=white, no pigment
RR1=pink
Codominance
Phenotypes of both homozygotes are
produced in heterozygote, both alleles are
expressed equally
BB=black feather
WW= white feather
BW= checkered
Multiple alleles
Traits controlled by more than two alleles
Each pigeon has two alleles
for feather color, but there
are many possible alleles
Sex-linked inheritance
In humans have 46 chromosomes, 23 pairs
22 pairs autosomes
one pair sex chromosomes, determine sex
Sex-linked inheritance
Sex-linked traits are controlled by genes
located on the sex chromosomes
Alleles are carried on
the X chromosome,
not the Y chromosome
Polygenic inheritance
A trait that is controlled by
more than one gene
Genes may be on different
chromosomes
Each gene may have more
than one allele
Trait usually expressed in a
continuous range of variability
Environmental factors
External
Gene
may not be expressed due to
temperature, nutrition, light, chemicals,
infection
For example, this bacteria
is different color when
grown at different temperature
Environmental factors
Internal
Males
and females differ due to hormones
Age may change trait expression
Complex patterns of inheritance
Mendel’s idea that heredity is a composite
of many traits still holds
Later researchers have filled in details