Transcript Pedigree Analysis

Pedigree Analysis
A way to look at inheritance patterns
over many generations
What is a Pedigree?
In addition to family history,
pedigrees can show
• Presence of disease
Pedigree Symbols
Inheritance Patterns shown on
Pedigrees
• Dominant-shows up in every generation
• Recessive-can skip a generation
• Sex-linked-seen more often in males than
females.
Inheritance Patterns
Use of Pedigrees
• Study disease in a family.
• Used to determine relationships between
animals for captive breeding programs.
• Today--you will use pedigrees to
understand how two diseases are inherited
Use of Pedigrees
Designing a captive breeding
programs for elephants at the zoo!
Asiatic vs. African elephants
Information on Asiatic Elephants
• Elephas maximus
• Range: India and
Southeast Asia
• Some have tusks
others do not
• Live in female led
groups of 6-7
elephants
• Litter size: 1 calf
Endangered Species
• IUCN Red List-– status: Endangered,
which means in danger
of becoming extinct
– Other categories:
stable, vulnerable,
threatened,
endangered, extinct
• Problem: poaching
Captive Breeding
• Mating endangered species in captivity to increase
their populations and eventually release into the
wild.
Problems with captive breeding
• Inbreeding: breeding of close relatives decreases
the viability of offspring (less offspring live).
• Relatives may carry lethal recessive genes.
Questions we will answer…
• How would a pedigree help to support a
well-constructed captive breeding program
for Asiatic Elephants?
• You will look at actual data from zoos to
draw some conclusions for your program!
Inheritance of Tusks
• If no tusks is filled in…
– What is the Phenotype of I2
– What is the genotype of II2?
– Make a Punnett Square to
show the mating of III-3
and III-4
Mating…
• Mating close relatives increases the chance of passing
down recessive lethal alleles, which elephants would we
want to mate?
• Use the table provided, that shows actual Asian elephants
at zoos in the US
Zoo News
• Zoo New England
– Northern Red
Bellied Turtle
• Roger Williams
Zoo
• Zoos are not just for us
to look at animals.
• Many zoos have active
breeding programs and
species conservation.
– Red wolf recovery
program