Transcript Of all the wolves that night survive, a non random sample -

Breeding Bunnies!
Directions:
•Red is allele for Fur
•Represented by R
•Dominant Trait
1.Work in pairs
2.Place beans (representing gene pool) on
plate
3.One partner will randomly select 2 beans
4.The other partner will record what beans
are selected, thus what rabbits would be
born
5.Place tally in correct box until all beans
are selected
6.Calculate number of alleles
7.Stop after the first breeding season
•White is Allele for No fur
•Represented by r
•Recessive trait
Winter hits our population of
rabbits!!!
 All rabbits that are
born without fur do not
survive the winter
 :(
 They do not pass on
their genes to the next
generation of rabbits
 Place these genes in
the “dead” pile
BEGIN NEXT BREEDING
SEASON WITH REMAINING
GENES!
Early ideas about evolution
 Aristotle believed species
were fixed creations arranged
by their complexity
 Idea Lasted 2000 years
 Europe in the 1700’s
 Species were permanent and unchanging
 Earth was only thousands of years old
 Scientists began to present evidence that
that species have changed over time and
earth is much older then previously thought.
Early ideas about evolution
 Some scientists interpreted fossils as
remains of living species
 Fossil mammoths found in Italy were interpreted as
the remains of the elephants brought by Hannibal
when he invaded Rome.
 Others thought that the unusual
organisms then known only as fossils
must still survive in unexplored parts
of the world
 Thomas Jefferson - Speculated that
mammoths might yet be found living in the
American wilderness.
Georges Cuvier (1769-1832)
 “Why has not anyone seen
that fossils alone gave birth
to a theory about the
formation of the earth, that
without them, no one would
have ever dreamed that
there were successive
epochs in the formation of
the globe."
Ideas about Geology
 By the 1800’s Scientists began to study
strata
 Strata are formed as layers
of rock are deposited over
time
 In general, lower layers
form first and are the
oldest
 Different rock layers have
different kinds of fossils
Georges Cuvier (1769-1832)
 Spent years reconstructing the appearance
of unique organisms from fossil bones
 Gave convincing evidence that organisms
that lived in the past differed greatly then
living species
 Cuvier's most crucial and longest-lasting
contribution to biology was establishing
extinction as a fact.
Georges Cuvier (1769-1832)
What had happened to these great
"We have monuments taken from
beasts of the past?
the bosom of the Earth, especially
fromfound
the many
bottom
of coal
andinslate
 Cuvier
“sudden”
changes
the kinds
demonstrate
us to
that
of mines,
organismsthat
found
in one layer of to
strata
the
next
some of the fish and plants that
materials
contain
doevents
not caused
these
Catastrophism
– sudden
geologic
extinction
large groups
of organisms at
belong
toofspecies
currently
points in the past
existing."
 Contributed to the scientific acceptance that
geologic change and extinction occurred
Charles Lyell (1797-1875)
 Lyell rebelled against the
prevailing theories of geology
of the time
 He thought the theories
were biased and based on
the interpretation of the
book of Genesis.
Charles Lyell (1797-1875)
 Lyell thought it would be more practical to
exclude sudden geological catastrophes to
vouch for fossil remains of extinct species
 Therefore it was necessary to create a vast
time scale for Earth's history.
 Proposed that Earth was millions of years
old instead of a several thousands
 This concept was called uniformitarianism
 Change is typically slow, steady, and gradual.
 This is in contrast to catastrophism
Jean Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829)
 Organisms are not passively altered by their
environment
 A change in the environment causes changes in the
needs of organisms living in that environment
 All such changes were heritable
 Result of these laws was the continuous, gradual
change of all organisms, as they became adapted to
their environments
 Tendency Toward Perfection- Organisms Are
Continually Changing and Acquiring Features That
Help Them Live More Successfully In Their
Environment
Change in the
environment

Change of needs
of organism

Change in
behavior of
organism
Greater use
of structure
or organ


Increase in size
over several
generations

Less use of
structure or
organ

Decrease in size over
several generations, may
even disappear
Lamarck’s theory of evolution
 Inheritance Of Acquired Traits
 Traits Acquired During Ones Lifetime Would Be Passed To
Offspring
Clipped ears of dogs could be passed to offspring!
Inheritance of acquired traits
 Rejected by many scientists of the time
 Not supported by modern scientific study of the
mechanisms of inheritance
 Genes Are NOT Changed By Activities In Life