Transcript Jeopardy Higher Level Genetics HANNAH

By: Hannah Miller
10.2
10.2
10.3
Dihybrid
Crosses
Gene
Linkage
Polygenic
Inheritance
Potpourri
Meiosis
Meiosis
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10.1
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10.2
10.2
10.3
Dihybrid
Crosses
Gene
Linkage
Polygenic
Inheritance
Potpourri
Meiosis
Meiosis
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10.1
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WHAT IS MEIOSIS?
MEIOSIS IS A STEP
BY STEP PROCESS
BY
WHICH A DIPLOID
CELL PRODUCES
FOUR HAPLOID
DAUGHTER CELLS.
>>>
WHAT ARE
HOMOLOGOUS
CHROMOSOMES?
HOMOLOGOUS
CHROMOSOMES ARE
CHROMOSOMES
THAT CARRY THE
SAME GENES AND
ARE SIMILAR SIZE
AND SHAPE
>>>
OUTLINE THE FORMATION
OF CHIASMATA IN THE
PROCESS OF CROSSING
OVER
AFTER THE PATERNAL & MATERNAL CHROMATIDS
INTERTWINE & BREAK AT EXACTLY THE SAME
POSITION, & THE TWO SEGMENTS CONNECT TO
THE CORRESPONDING POSTION ON THE OTHER
CHROMATID, THE PLACE WHERE THE TWO
CONNECT TO EACHOTHER IS CALLED A CHIASTMA
(PLURAL CHIASMATA)
>>>
STATE MENDEL’S LAW
OF INDEPENDENT
ASSORTMENT
WHEN GAMETES ARE
FORMED, THE
SEPARATION OF ONE
PAIR OF ALLELES
BETWEEN THE
DAUGHTER CELLS IS
INDEPENDENT OF THE
SERPARATION OF
ANOTHER PAIR OF
ALLELES
>>>
EXPLAIN HOW MEIOSIS
RESULTS IN EFFECTIVELY
INFINITE GENETIC VARIETY
IN GAMETES
THROUGH CROSSING
OVER IN PROPHASE I
AND RANDOM
ORIENTATION IN
METAPHASE I.
>>>
WHAT DOES THE
H
h
GENOTYPE X X
INDICATE?
A HETEROZYGOUS FEMALE
>>>
DISTINGUISH BETWEEN
AUTOSOMES AND SEX
CHROMOSOMES
THE SEX CHROMOSOMES ARE THE X & Y CHROMOSOMES,
AND THEY ARE THE ONES THAT DETERMINE WHAT SEX
YOU ARE.
ANY CHROMOSOME THAT IS NOT A SEX CHROMOSOME IS
AN AUTOSOME.
PEOPLE HAVE 22 PAIRS OF AUTOSOMAL CHROMOSOMES
AND ONE PAIR OF SEX CHROMOSOMES.
>>>
EXPLAIN HOW CROSSING OVER
BETWEEN NON-SISTER
CHROMATIDS OF A HOMOLOGOUS
PAIR IN PROPHASE I CAN RESULT
IN AN EXCHANGE OF ALLELES
A MATERNAL CHROMOSOME CAN
END UP WITH A SEGMENT OF
GENETIC MATERIAL FROM A
PATERNAL CHROMOSOME AND VICE
VERSA.
DURING ANY SINGLE CROSSING OVER
EVENT, HUNDREDS OR THOUSANDS
OF GENES CAN BE TRADED IN THIS
WAY.
>>>
IN GARDEN PEAS, THE PAIRS OF ALLELES
CODING FOR SEED SHAPE AND SEED COLOR
ARE UNLINKED. THE ALLELE FOR SMOOTH
SEEDS (S) IS DOMINANT OVER THE ALLELE
FOR WRINKLED SEEDS (s). THE ALLELE FOR
YELLOW SEEDS (Y) IS DOMINANT OVER THE
ALLELE FOR GREEN SEEDS (y).
IF A PLANT OF GENOTYPE Ssyy IS CROSSED
WITH A PLANT OF GENOTYPE ssYy, WHICH
OFFSPRING ARE RECOMBINANTS?
SsYy & ssyy
>>>
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE IN
NUMBER OF POSSIBLE
OFFSPRING FOR MONOHYBRID
CROSSES AND DIHYBRID
CROSSES?
MONOHYBRID CROSSES:
2x2=
4 POSSIBLE OFFSPRING
DIHYBRID CROSSES:
4x4=
16 POSSIBLE OFFSPRING
>>>
DEFINE LINKAGE GROUP
ANY TWO GENES WHICH ARE FOUND ON THE
SAME CHROMOSOME ARE SAID TO BE LINKED TO
EACHOTHER. A GROUP OF GENES INHERITED
TOGETHER BECAUSE THE ARE FOUND ON THE
SAME CHROMOSOME ARE CONSIDERED TO BE
MEMBERS OF A LINKAGE GROUP.
>>>
WHAT IS THE LOCUS OF
A GENE?
THE POSITION OF A GENE ON A
CHROMOSOME.
>>>
WHAT CONSTITUTES A
LINKAGE GROUP?
GENES CARRIED ON THE
SAME CHROMOSOME.
>>>
TWO GENES A & B ARE LINKED TOGETHER AS
SHOWN BELOW.
IF THE GENES ARE FAR ENOUGH APART SUCH
THAT CROSSING OVER BETWEEN THE ALLELES
OCCURS OCASSIONALLY, WHICH STATEMENT IS
TRUE OF THE GAMETES?
A. ALL OF THE GAMETES WILL BE Ab & aB.
B. THERE WILL BE 25% Ab, 25% aB, 25% ab, & 25% AB.
C. THERE WILL BE EQUAL NUMBERS OF Ab & ab GAMETES.
D. THE NUMBER OF Ab GAMETES WILL BE GREATER THAN
THE NUMBER OF ab GAMETES
>>>
A PARENT OF AN UNKOWN
GENOTYPE IS MATED IN A TEST
CROSS. HALF OF THE
OFFSPRING HAVE THE SAME
PHENOTYPE AS THE PARENT.
WHAT CAN BE CONCLUDED
FROM THIS RESULT?
THAT THE PARENT IS HETEROZYGOUS
FOR THE TRAIT
>>>
DEFINE POLYGENETIC
INHERITANCE
TWO OR MORE GENES INFLUENCING
THE EXPRESSION OF ONE TRAIT.
>>>
DISTINGUISH BETWEEN
CONTINUOUS AND
DISCONTINUOUS
VARIATION?
WHEN AN ARRAY OF POSSIBLE PHENOTYPES CAN
BE PRODUCED, IT IS CALLED CONTINUOUS
VARIATION (SUCH AS HEIGHT). WHEN VARIATION
IS NOT CONTINOUS IT IS REFERRED TO AS
DISCONTINUOUS VARIATION (SUCH AS
BLOODTYPE).
>>>
TRUE OR FALSE:
POLYGENETIC INHERITANCE
CAN CONTRIBUTE TO
CONTINUOUS VARIATION
TRUE
(FOR EXAMPLE HUMAN SKIN COLOR)
>>>
DOES SKIN COLOR SHOW
CONTINOUS VARIATION?
YES.
THE SKIN COLOR IS DUE TO THE
AMOUNT OF MELININ IN THE
PERSONS SKIN, WHICH IS AN
EXAMPLE OF CONTINOUS
VARIATION.
>>>
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING
ARE EXAMPLES OF CONTINOUS
VARIATION:
A. BODY MASS
B. SHOE SIZE
C. ABILITY TO ROLL TONGUE
D. LEFT-HANDEDNESS
E. FINGER SPAN
F. PRESENCE OF HAIR BETWEEN KNUCKLES
OF FINGERS
>>>
A WOMAN HAS A HETEROZYGOUS
GENOTYPE FOR BLOOD GROUP B.
SHE IS EXPECTING A BABY WITH A
MAN WHO IS HOMOZYGOUS
GROUP A WHAT ARE THE
POSSIBLE BLOOD GROUPS FOR
THE BABY?
A & AB
>>>
HOW DOES THE X
CHROMOSOME DIFFER
FROM THE Y CHROMOSOME
IN HUMANS?
SOME GENES ON THE
X CHROMOSOME ARE
ABSENT FROM THE Y
CHROMOSOME
>>>
A GENE HAS THREE
ALLELES. HOW MANY
DIFFERENT GENOTYPES
CAN BE FOUND FOR THIS
GENE?
6
>>>
IF THE HAPLOID NUMBER OF AN
ORGANISM IS 8, HOW MANY
DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF
GAMETES ARE POSSIBLE, NOT
CONSIDERING THE EFFECTS OF
CROSSING OVER?
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WHAT DOES IT MEAN FOR
A TRAIT TO BE “SEX
LINKED”?
THAT THE TRAIT OR GENE MUST
HAVE ITS LOCUS ON A SEX
CHROMOSOME. WHERE A GENE IS
LOCATED DETERMINES
WHETHER OR NOT THE TRAIT IT
CONTROLS IS MORE COMMON IN
MALES OR FEMALES.
>>>
WHICH PHASE OF MEIOSIS
IS SHOWN BELOW?
METAPHASE
>>>
TRUE OR FALSE:
SOME CELLS SKIP THE PHASE
TELOPHASE I, AND JUST
START MEIOSIS II.
TRUE
>>>
WHICH PHASE OF MEIOSIS
IS SHOWN BELOW?
ANAPHASE
>>>
WHAT PROCESS IS
OCCURRING IN THE
DIAGRAM BELOW?
INTERPHASE
>>>
DESCRIBE THE
BEHAVIOR OF THE
CHROMOSOMES IN
EACH PHASE OF
MEIOSIS
>>>