Transcript Milky Way Galaxy

How Big is the Universe?
The observable Universe is greater than 12 x 109 light years in radius.
(12 x 109 years)(365 days) (24 hr) (60 min) (60 sec) (3 x 108 m ) ( 1 km )
( year
=
) (day ) ( hr ) ( min ) (
sec
) ( 103 m )
2 x 1021 km !!!! (20000000000000000000000 km)
That’s big!
Photo of Universe not available.
The Milky Way
• As a galaxy, the Milky Way is
actually a giant, as its mass is
probably between 750 billion
(750000000000, 750 x 109)
and one trillion (750 x 1010)
solar masses, and its diameter
is about 100,000 light years
• The Milky Way is a
gravitationally bound
collection of roughly a
hundred billion stars.
Our Sun is one of
these stars and is
located roughly
24,000 light years (or
8000 parsecs) from the
center of our the
Milky Way.
COBE image of the Milky Way: (Courtesy of
Ned Wright
The Sun
•
The Sun is an ordinary G2 star, one of
more than 100 x 109 stars in our galaxy.
•
Diameter:
•
•
Mass:
1.989 x 1030
Temperature: 5800 K
(surface)
1,390,000 km.
kg
•
15,600,000 K (core)
•
The Sun is the largest object in the
solar system. It contains more than
99.8% of the total mass of the Solar
System (Jupiter contains most of the
rest).
The Earth
• Orbit:
149,600,000 km
(1.00 AU) from
Sun
• Diameter:
12,756.3 km
• (0.0000000015
light yrs)
• Mass:
5.9736e24 kg
Mt Mansfield from my Pasture
• The summit of Mt.
Mansfield; 4,393' above sea
level;
4393 ft(12 in/ft)(2.54 cm/in)(1
m/100 cm)(1 km/1000 m)
(1 sec/30000 km)(1 min/60
sec)(1 hr/60 min)(1 day/24 hr)(1
yr/365 days) =
0.0000000000001415 light years
high.
Klaque
• As previously
mentioned, The mass
of the galaxy is  2 x
1042 kg. The mass of
the sun,  2 x 1030 kg.
The mass of earth,  6
x 1024. Kg. The mass
of Klaque: 0.05 kg.
Some erythrocytes
• An erthyrocyte (RBC)
is about 7.5 um (1 um
is 10-6 m in diameter.
(calculate that distance in
light years!)
Inside each avian
erythocyte is a nucleus
which contains
molecules of DNA
A Piece of DNA
• This piece of DNA is
20 Å (1 Å is 0.1 x 10-9
m). wide. It can be up
to 5 x 106 Å long.
Looking at DNA another way
Cells are a collection of larger
molecules in a water
environment:
Of course, not all molecules live in cells
This is DEET
Molecular Formula: C12H17NO
Synonymes:
Detamide; Metadelphene; MGK; Off;
Diethyltoluamide; Deet; Delphene; N,N-diethylm-toluamide; diethyl-m-toluamide; 3-methyl-N,Ndiethylbenzamide; m-toluic acid diethylamide; ai
3-22542
This is pure carbon, in the form of diamond
Some water molecules
• Each water molecule
is 3 Å across. Each
one weighs 3 x 10-23 g.
Beyond water
• Each water molecule
is made up of 2
hydrogen atoms and
one oxygen atom.
• Each H atom weighs
1.7 x 10-24 g. & has a
radius of 1.2 Å
A way to visualize the Hydrogen
atom
Another way to view a Hydrogen
atom
Another way to view atoms
• STM image of the
Si(111)5x5
reconstructed surface
• (Randall Feenstra’s
group, Carnegie
Mellon U
http://stm1.phys.cmu.e
du/stm/)
Oh Where, Oh Where Has My Xenon
Gone? Oh Where, Oh Where Can He
Be?
Media : Xenon on Nickel (110)
Au atoms
Another way to visualize an atom
Atomic orbitals…regions
in space where the
electrons hang out.
http://courses.chem.psu.e
du/chem38/molgallery/orbitals/orbital
s.html
A way to visualize a negative
twist of nothingness
The mass of an electron
is 9.1 x 10-31 kg. It is
not possible to know
precisely where an
electron is now and
where it is going at the
same time
Beyond Teeny
• Quantum
chromodynamics
(QCD) is the proposed
theory of the so-called
strong interactions that
bind quarks and
gluons together to
form hadrons-the
constituents of nuclear
matter such as the
proton and neutron.