Transcript Status of GM Insect-resisitant cotton at NIBGE

Biotechnology-driven sustainable
agriculture
Dr. SHAHID MANSOOR, SI
HEC Distinguished National Professor
DIRECTOR
National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering
(NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
1
Sustainable agriculture; Challenges and
opportunities
Challenges
•Population growth and food security
•Yield stagnation and increasing cost of production
•Climate change and environmental degradation
•Water availability and quality
•Salinity and water logging
•Land availability
•Pest and diseases
Opportunities
Major progress in understanding of genetics, genomics and
genetic engineering
Challenges bring opportunities
2
NIBGE
 An affiliate centre of ICGEB, Trieste, Italy
 Center of Excellence by Min. of Science & Technology
 National library of Biological Sciences
 Affiliation with Quaid-i-Azam University and Pakistan
Institute for Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS)
M.Phil & Ph.D Biotechnology Degree
 ISO 9001-2008 Certified
Partners; PAEC Agri./Biotech Centers/other
strategic organizations
Crop Improvement strategies
Conventional
Green revolution
Conventional breeding
Mutation breeding
High yielding varieties
responsive to fertilizers
and pesticides
Plant Breeding
Gene Pool, Limited
Biotechnological
Gene revolution
Tissue Culture
Genetic Engineering
Marker-assisted selection
Crops with high yield
and efficiency
Genetic Engineering
Gene Pool, Unlimited
Genomics; a silent revolution
Major improvements in sequencing technologies
All major crops/livestock have either been sequenced
or will be sequenced in the next few year
•
•
•
•
DNA based marker technologies
Genotyping by sequencing (GBS)
Automated phenotyping
Bioinformatics; Our ability to handle genomic data
Huge potential for crop improvement,
Disease diagnosis and environment
How technologies can help in food security
and sustainable agriculture in irrigated
and non-irrigated areas?
•Genomics and understanding of QTLs and genes affecting productivity
•Combination of genetic selection and genetic engineering in evolution
of superior varieties
•Technologies to reduce cost of production/yield losses
•Sustainable improvement of soil health and underground water resources
•Selection of high performing livestock through genomics
•Quality/safety enhancement of products
•Mechanism of transfer of technologies
Success stories from Pakistan
Genetic engineering
Cotton
Wheat
Sugarcane
Potato
Genomic selection
Rice
Wheat
NIBGE efforts in developing Bt cotton varieties
2014
Upcoming lines
New IR-lines
With better fiber
Total Approved cotton varieties
IR-NIBGE-5
2013
1. NIBGE-2—2006
IR-NIBGE-6
2. IR-NIBGE-1524—2010
• Completed on year in NCBT
3. IR-NIBGE-3701—2010
2011
IR-NIBGE-4
• Tolerance to lodging rotenning
4. IR-NIBGE-901—2011
5. IR-NIBGE-3—2012
• Approved in 2012
2010
IR-NIBGE-3
• Popular for spring cultivation
6. NIBGE-115—2012
7. NN-3—2013
2007
2006
2005
2002
IR-NIBGE-3701
IR-NIBGE-1524
Improved IR-NIBGE-901
IR-FH-901, IR-448 & IR-443
• National variety, approved in 2010 & 11
• 25%, 18% area in 2010, 2011, respectively
• 1-1.2 million bale advantage
• National variety approved in 2010 and 2011
• Drought prone area (2%)
• Approved for Sindh in 2011
• 20% (2009 & 2010)
• 25% in 2011
Summary of the Impact
Sindh (A)
Million bales Million US$
Punjab (B)
Million bales
Million US$
IR-NIBGE-901
2.14
858.96
0.235
75.83
IR-NIBGE-1524
0.09
31.91
0.822
265.02
IR-NIBGE-3701
0.37
138.98
4.714
2115.63
Total
2.60
1029.84
5.771
2456.48
Million bales
Million US$
8.37
3486
Grand Total
(A+B)
Grand Total (A+B) =
US$=
Rs=
8.37 Million bales
3486 Million or
~345 Billion
Limiting factors and cotton genetic engineering
Virus resistance
Multiple gene construct (G5, GroEL, artificial zinc finger
Insect and herbicide resistance
Cry1Ac+Cry2ab+EPSPS
Sucking pests
Lectin and Hvt under phloem-specific promoters
RNAi based resistance against whitefly
Abiotic stress tolerance
Three gene construct for drought and salt stress tolerance
Fiber improvement
Three gene construct for fiber length improvement
Rice
Major constraints include:
Abiotic
Biotic
Drought
Submergence
Salinity
Phosphorus deficiency
Diseases
Bacterial leaf blight
Bacterial leaf blast
High priority at NIBGE
•Provision of services to rice exporters
• Understanding genes that contribute to yield
•Improved crop varieties through DNA markers
Advance Line 1
Advance Line 2
BLB resistant Basmati advanced lines
Fine Rice NUYT Trial-2013
Paddy Yield (Kg/ha)
Trial Locations
Designation
Average
RRI
Tando Jam
Gujranwala
KSK
6566.7 a
4921.3 b
5677.6 a
3080.0 fg
4529.0 c
4394.9 c
5590.0 b
4221.0 d
5575.2 a
3693.3 d
3704.1 g
4258.7 c
5936.7 b
3988.0 e
4965.1 b
3580.0 de
3675.0 g
3768.7 d
3290.0 ef
5021.0 a
3659.4
de
4180.0 c
3642.0 g
3879.7 d
4066.7 c
3813.0 f
3547.0 e
NIAB
2770.0 g
3925.0 e
4411.6 c
BASMATI-515 CHECK 4100.0 cde 4500.0 bc 4363.0 de
2366.7 h
3533.0 h
4765.4 b 2798.3 cd
SUPER BASMATI
Check
Location means
3076.7 fg
4450.0 c
3690.9
de
4382.9
c
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
BR-1
PK 8431-2-1-2-4
BR-18
R-456
BR-23
PK 8647-11-1-1
PK 8892-4-2-1-1
8
9
PK 8685-5-1-1-1-1
NIAB-1175
10 PK 8667-8-5-1-1
RRI
NARC
Dokri
3066.7 de 3500.0 d
6073.3 ab 6395.0 a
2793.3 ef 4083.0 cd
5260.0 abc 6000.0 a
1586.7 f
4000.0 cd
6280.0 a
4583.0 bc
4306.7 cd 4500.0 bc
Sujawal
6218.0 ab
4630.0 cd
6633.0 a
4519.0 d
5700.0 b
3952.0 ef
5078.0 c
5433.3 abc 4583.0 bc 3599.0 f
4700.0 bc 4333.0
4512.0 d
bcd
4180.0 cde 5000.0 b 3715.0 f
3273.3 de
4254.4 cd
3583.0 d
4580.0 cd
4588.5 ab 4792.1 a
Means with the same case letter do not differ significantly at p<0.05.
ARF
4016.4 d
4118.6 cd
Faisalabad
2832.1 cd
2774.6 de
2545.9 f
3139.5 ab
3139.5 ab
3315.2 a
2552.8 ef
4683.2 a
4554.0 ab
4491.7 ab
4373.6 bc
4188.0 cd
4165.0 cd
4058.3 d
3008.3 bc
3292.6 a
4046.7 d
4037.9 de
2557.4 ef
3794.2 ef
3775.2 f
2827.7 cd
3640.4 f
2902.0 e
BLB resistant Super Basmati developed through
genomic approach showing resistance in field
Wheat Biotechnology at NIBGE
• Drought tolerance
Genes
• AVP1/AVP1-D
• HVA1
• DREB1A
Procedure for Transformation of
wheat
Percent increase
25-30 %
13 %
Transgenic drought tolerant wheat AVP1 and AVP1D genes
5-10 %
• Salinity tolerance
• AtNHX1
• HVA1
15-30 %
20 %
Testing of drought and salt tolerant wheat in
the field
Transgenic salt tolerant wheat AtNHX1 and HVA1
genes
Wheat biotechnology
Understanding of genes contributing to yield
• pyramiding of genes through genomic selection
• genetic engineering
Order of Priority
1. Phosphorus use efficiency
2. Heat tolerance
3. Drought tolerance
4. Rust resistance
5. Salt tolerance
6. Herbicide tolerance
Marker-Assisted Breeding
Order of Priority
1. Rust resistance
2. Drought tolerance
3. Salt tolerance
Genomics/ DNA markers for wheat improvements
2010-13
Strain name
Maturity(DH*)
Disease
Height (cm)
Color
Spike (spikelet)
Yield Maunds/Acre)
NN-Gandam-1
85-87 DH
Dominan
tly Free
90-95
Light green
Compact (23)
65 (normal sowing)
45 (late planting)
NN-Gandam-2
82-85 DH
Free
95-100
Dark green
Relatively loose (21)
67 (normal)
37 (late)
Sehar
90-95 DH
Susceptib
le to LR
96-103
Green
Compact (19)
58 (normal)
33 (late)
•
•
•
DH= Days to heading
Normal= planted on Nov 10
Late= planted on 25 Dec
Wheat:
Achieving food security through developing
•High yielding varieties
•Drought tolerant varieties
•Heat tolerant varieties
•Early maturing varieties
•Resistant to rust
Vegetatively grown crops; Transgenic
sugarcane and potato for biotic and abiotic
stresses
Sugarcane; major thrust
Insect resistance/herbicide tolerance
Drought / salt / Frost tolerance
Screening of transgenic sugarcane lines under field
condition (two years trial)
• Drought
and frost tolerant (20% water saving)
• Salinity tolerant
Future thrust
• Sugarcane with multiple transgene
• Addition of legumes such as soybean and
mungbean (intercropping)
Drought Tolerant Sugarcane expressing AVP1 gene
At 100%Irrigation
Sr.#
Variety
Cane Yield (t/ha)
Control
Transgenic
%Increase
1
S2003US-114
130
132
1.54%
2
HSF-240
122
125
2.46%
3
CPF-246
131
135
3.05%
4
CSSG-668
92
104
13%
Sr.#
Variety
Cane Yield (t/ha)
At 80%Irrigation
At 60%Irrigation
Control
Transgenic
%Increase
1
S2003US-114
110
124
12.7%
2
HSF-240
109
118
8.26%
3
CPF-246
119
127
6.72%
4
CSSG-668
88
98
11.4%
Sr.#
Variety
Cane Yield (t/ha)
Control
Transgenic
%Increase
1
S2003US-114
93
108
16.1%
2
HSF-240
89
102
14.6%
3
CPF-246
98
110
12.2%
4
CSSG-668
73
85
16.4%
Future directions
•Input use efficiency
•Diversity of genes and promoters
•Multiple genes
•Integration at defined loci
•Chloroplast biotechnology
Capacity enhancement in biosafety assessment
•Regulatory framework
•Capacity enhancement in biosafety evaluation
Improving soil health and sustainability
•Reduction in use of chemical fertilizers
•Enhancement of organic matter
•Minimize environmental foot print by degrading
pollutants (insecticides/herbicides)
Biodegradtion of
Pesticides (Plantmicrobe interactions)
Degradation of chlorpyrifos
in rye-grass vegetated soil
inoculated with
Mesorhizobium Sp. HN3yfp
Control
(No CP)
Biodegradation of bispyribacNa in wheat vegetated soil
(pot experiment containing 2.5
Kg soil)
EBD
50
mg/Kg
CP
50 mg/Kg
CP +
culture
Range of Products
BioPower Production
Technology transfer through ATCOP to ICL
Future: Next generation Biofertilizer with
value additions, e.g., biopesticides, growth
promoting hormones, P- solublization, new
carrier materials and organic matter
EBD
Field testing of
BioPower
IMPROVEMENT OF LIVESTOCK &
POULTRY PRODUCTIVITY
Livestock and poultry; health and production in Pakistan
can be improved by
 Establishing early and sensitive diagnosis of infectious
diseases
 Development of effective animal vaccines.
 Genetic improvement of livestock breeds for milk and
meat (i.e., whole genome sequencing of sahiwal cattle).
 Improving digestibility of fibrous animal feed (enzymes,
probiotics and prebiotics).
Diagnosis of infectious diseases
Pioneer research group in the country which has
established PCR based diagnostic facilities for
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Rinderpest
Peste des Petits Ruminants
Foot & Mouth Disease
Canine Distemper
Infectious Bursal Disease
New Castle Disease
Avian Influenza
Brucellosis
Use of genotyping by sequencing (GBS) for selection
of high performing cattle
NIBGE, RCCS and CAAS-ILRI Joint Laboratory on Livestock and Forage Genetic Resources
Institute of Animal Science (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)
Objectives
•Selection of proven bulls
•Selection of high performing cows
•Genetic improvement through crossing and genomic selection
Genetic Improvement of Livestock Breeds
Whole genome sequencing
of
Sahiwal cattle in
collaboration with Jamil-urRehman
Institute
of
Genomics, University of
Karachi,
Karachi
and
Research
Center
for
Conservation of Sahiwal
Cattle (RCCSC) Jhang
Improving Digestibility of Fibrous Animal
Feed
Intra institute collaboration with Probiotic and Food
Safety group and Industrial Biotechnology Division for
production of enzymes, probiotics & prebiotics (Dr
Farooq Latif, Dr Hamid, Dr Arslan, Dr Munir)
Wheat enhancement project (IDB)
Saudi Arabia (KAUST)
Pakistan (NIBGE)
UAE (ICBA)
Egypt (Damanhour University)
Objectives
•Yield increase by genomic selection and genetic engineering
•Germplasm and elite lines with enhanced nutritional value
•biotic stress tolerance (drought, salt, heat and frost)
•Enhancing biotic stress tolerance against rust diseases
and other fungal diseases
Progress
Ten clones for heat, drought and salt tolerance
USD 20,000 to be provided by KAUST
Use of genomic resources for optimizing
the input use in cotton
Collaborative countries:
Uzbekistan, Sudan, Nigeria, Egypt, Turkey & Pakistan
Vaccines for animal and human diseases
Iran and Pakistan
Take home message
Major investment in genomics and genetic
engineering for food security and sustainability
Crop varieties
High yielding, water efficient disease resistant, high efficiency for
fertilizers
Sustainability
Reducing cost of production by Biofertilizers
Reducing environmental impact by degradation of agrochemicals
Livestock and poultry
Breeds for milk and meat
Better health by vaccines, probiotics
Enhancement of feed conversion
Thanks