Transcript document
AG 10.01 • Describe methods of plant and animal improvement as a result of biotechnology. Great Truths • 4,000 BC The moon is eaten once each month by a large invisible beast – The moon darkens each month because the angle between the Earth, Moon and Sun changes Great Truths • 1400 AD Diseases are caused by evil spirits that inhabit a body – Diseases are caused by microscopic agents • 1500 Flies develop spontaneously from rotten meat – Flies lay their eggs in rotten meant and hatch Great Truths • 1600 The brain pumps fluid into the muscles to make them bulge and contract – The brain contracts muscles using tiny electrical and chemical signals • 1800 Tyrannosaurus Rex walked vertically and dragged its tail – T-Rex leaned forward and its tail balanced it, but it didn’t touch the ground Great Truths • 1850 The planet Mars is covered with canals that could only be made by intelligent life – Mars is covered by icy cracks that were once rivers • 1900 The Apatosaurus and brontosaurus are two different dinosaurs. – They are the same species Great Truths • 1970 Saturn is the only plant with rings around it – Uranus and Jupiter also have rings • 1980 Eating eggs makes your cholesterol levels rise – Some people’s cholesterol levels stay the same or go down even if they eat eggs Great Truths • 1985 Pandas are bears – Pandas are genetically between bears and raccoons • 1990 Tadpoles eat plants, frogs eat meat – Some frogs that eat berries have been found in South America. The Beginnings of Biotechnology • 1750 BC The Sumerians brew beer • 400 BC Hippocrates created a high standard of ethics and wrote the Hippocratic Oath • 1797 Jenner inoculates a child with a viral vaccine to protect him from smallpox • 1863 Mendel discovers that traits were transmitted from parents to progeny through genes The Beginnings of Biotechnology • 1883 The first rabies vaccine was developed by Louis Pasteur • 1906 The term “genetics” is introduced • 1928 Fleming discovers penicillin, the first antibiotic • 1952 Rosalind Franklin produces early data about the structure of DNA The Beginnings of Biotechnology • 1953 Watson and Crick reveal the threedimensional structure of DNA • 1970 Dr. Norman Borlaug wins the Nobel Price for Peace • 1973 Cohen and Boyer perform the first successful recombinant DNA experiment. The Beginnings of Biotechnology • 1978 The first test tube baby, Louise Brown, was born in England • 1981 Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was identified as a disease • 1982 Humulin, is the biotech drug to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration. The Beginnings of Biotechnology • 1984 The DNA fingerprinting technique is developed • 1987 Dr. Ben Carson was the first surgeon to successfully separate Siamese twins joined at the head • 1988 Congress funds the Human Genome Project The Beginnings of Biotechnology • 1990 The first federally approved gene therapy treatment is performed successfully on a 4-year-old girl suffering from an immune disorder • 1997 Ian Wilmut (Scotland) is credited with cloning a sheep, Dolly, using DNA from adult sheep cells The Beginnings of Biotechnology • President Bush decides to permit federal funding of research using existing stem cell lines. This allows researchers to continue seeking cures for disease such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinsons.