Transcript Section 2: Energy Flow in Ecosystems

Gene Technologies and Human Applications
Section 1
Secrets of the Human Genome
• Genomics is the study of entire genomes,
especially by using technology to compare
genes.
• The Human Genome Project (HGP) was
an international cooperative effort to
sequence the human genome.
Gene Technologies and Human Applications
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Secrets of the Human Genome, continued
Surprising Findings
• Humans have few genes.
• Most human DNA is noncoding.
• Many human genes are identical to those of other
species.
• All humans are genetically close.
Gene Technologies and Human Applications
Section 1
Applications of Human Genetics
• Genomics and gene technologies have many uses in human
healthcare and society.
Diagnosing and Preventing Disease
• A microarray shows which genes are being actively transcribed in a
sample from a cell.
• Genetic counseling informs people about the risk of genetic
problems that could affect them or their offspring.
• Various vaccines are now produced through genetic engineering.
Gene Technologies and Human Applications
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Applications of Human Genetics, continued
Treating Diseases-2 ways
• 1-Some genetic disorders can be treated
by supplying a genetically engineered
protein.
• 2-Gene therapy, inserting a replacement
gene into a person’s cells by using a
genetically engineered virus.
Gene Technologies and Human Applications
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Applications of Human Genetics, continued
Identifying Individuals
• DNA fingerprints are now used
regularly to confirm the identity of
criminals, family members, or dead
bodies.
• Turn to p. 347 for a Quick LAB
Gene Technologies and Human Applications
Section 1
Ongoing Work
• Many important questions about the human genome
remain to be investigated or decided.
• Such as:
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How do our genes interact?
How unique are we?
Can genetics help us live longer?
How should we deal with ethical issues?