Transcript Prof Sandra Eades

Maternal Nutrition and Diabetes
Diabetes Care at the Centre
October 2009
Developmental Origins of Adult Diseases
Paradigm
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Dietary changes from a hunter gatherer to
Agriculture based diet
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Birth phenotype
Adult phenotype
Disease risk
Predictive adaptive responses
Developmental plasticity
Past history of population
(selection, drift)
Genotype
Developmental
disruption
Prenatal
environments
Intergenerational
environmental effects
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Epigenetic
change
Postnatal
environments
Match or
Mismatch
How can intergenerational change effect
epigenetic change?
•
Dutch hunger winter studies – grandchildren of the women pregnant during the
famine still showed effects of the famine.
• Born small – small uterus constrains growth of next fetus
• Female eggs in a woman’s ovaries formed and start
developing when she is still a fetus – thus grandmothers
environment shapes early development
• Mitochondrial DNA – responsible for making some of the
proteins essential for the energy maintenance of all cells
comes solely from the maternal line via the mitochondria in
the egg, and not via the sperm
(DNA transmitted directly from the grandmother to the
granddaughter – grandchildren can’t control the
availability of food in their environment but they can be
induced to alter their metabolism to make the best use of it)–
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Epigenetics – gene environment interactions
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Epigenetics – gene environment interactions
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Mismatch model of chronic disease
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The thrifty phenotype
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Cycles of disease risk
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Endocrine regulation of Fetal Growth
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Major Outcomes
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Smoking and Pregnancy Community
Feedback 2009 (Cairns, Townsville, Perth)
21st – 23rd October 2009
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Metabolic Syndrome in Early Pregnancy and Risk of Preterm
Birth (Am J Epidemiology 2009;170:829-836)
Leda Chatzi, Estel Plana, Vasiliki Daraki, Polyxeni Karakosta, Dimitris Alegkakis,
Christos Tsatsanis, Antonis Kafatos, Antonis Koutis, and Manolis Kogevinas
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