Transcript FCAT Review Life Science

FCAT Review
Life Science
What does “Being Alive” mean?
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Made of cells
Respond to stimuli
Respire (use energy)
Adapt
Reproduce
Excrete wastes
Secrete
Have a life span
Life Needs:
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Energy (solar or
chemical)
Water
Tolerable Temperatures
Light
Agreeable Atmosphere
Structure of the Cell
Single Cell vs. Multicellular
Cell Organization
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Atom
Molecule
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organ
System
Organism
Major Systems
Excretory
Respiratory
Male
Reproductive
Digestive
Female
Major Systems
Nervous
Skeletal
Circulatory
Muscular
Chemistry of the Cell
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Cells are made of atoms and molecules
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Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Iron, Sodium, Potassium, etc.
Organic
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Organic compounds contain carbon
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Inorganic
Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, nucleic acids, etc.
Inorganic compounds are also necessary for life
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Water, salt, vitamins, etc.
Cell Transport…note error on class notes
Passive Transport
Exocytosis
Active Transport
Endocytosis
Cellular Respiration
organisms use oxygen to break down glucose and
release water and carbon dioxide as waste
C6H12O6 + 6O2  Energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O
Photosynthesis
plants use solar energy
to make glucose from
water and carbon dioxide
and release oxygen as waste
Energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2
Mitosis
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Cell division for body
cells - diploid
Meiosis
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Cell division to produce
sex cells - haploid
DNA
Nitrogen bases
 Adenine
 Thymine
 Guanine
 Cytosine
Sexual vs. Asexual Reproduction
Heredity – passing of traits from parents
of offspring
Alleles – different forms a gene has for a trait
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A – dominant allele for a trait (upper case)
a – recessive allele for a trait (lower case)
Heterozygous – different alleles
Homozygous – identical alleles
Punnett Squares
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Tools for predicting genetic
crosses
Genotype – genetic makeup
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What alleles are present
Phenotype – physical makeup
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What is shown
Fill in the Punnett Square
T
t
t
T – tall plants
t – short plants
t
How many offspring plants will be tall?
How many offspring plants will be short?
What percentage of offspring will be tall plants?
Fill in the Punnett Square
T
t
t
Tt
tt
t
Tt
tt
T – tall plants
t – short plants
How many offspring plants will be tall?
How many offspring plants will be short?
What percentage of offspring will be tall plants?
Evolution – changes in kinds of animals
and plants over time
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Evidence
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Fossil record
Continental drift
Why do kangaroos live
in Australia?
From Eohippus to
Equus
Survival of the Fittest
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Ability to reproduce
successfully
Charles Darwin
The fittest?
Ecology
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Biotic Factors
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Living things
Abiotic Factors
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Non-living things
Food Chain vs. Food Web
Energy Pyramid
Adaptation for Survival
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Changes in
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structure
behavior
Cycles of Nature
Carbon
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Water
Environmental Issues
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Decrease in resources
leads to decrease in
natural populations
Human activities
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Pollution
Global warming
Destruction of habitat
Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources
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Renewable
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Wind
Solar
Water
Trees
Biomass
Non-renewable
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Coal
Oil
Gas
Scientific
Classification
Scientific Classification
Dichotomous Key
Plant Kindom
Plant Reproduction
Spores vs. Seeds
Fern
Gymnosperm
Angiosperm
Virus
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Viruses are not alive
until they invade a cell