Transcript Applying Mendel`s Principles Power Point

 Is
the likelihood that something will happen.
 Expressed as a decimal, percentage, or a
fraction.
 Genes combine according to the rules of
probability
• For example, the chances of an organism being a
male or female is 50%.
Applying Mendel’s Principles
2
 Can
be used to
predict the outcomes
of genetic crosses.
Applying Mendel’s Principles
3
 Predicts
the average
outcome of a large
number of events.
• Large
numbers of
offspring,
will
be
closer to predicted
values.
Applying Mendel’s Principles
4
 Genotype
is
the
genetic makeup of an
organism.
 Phenotype
is the
physical appearance
of an organism that is
the result of its
genotype.
Applying Mendel’s Principles
5
 Is
a simple diagram
that
uses
mathematical
probability to predict
the outcome of a
genetic cross.
Applying Mendel’s Principles
6
 Mendel
• Wondered if the segregation of one pair of
alleles effects another pair.
• Performed an experiment that followed two
different genes as they passed from one
generation to the next.
• This experiment is known as a two-factor,
dihybrid, cross.
 Single gene crosses are monohybrid crosses.
 Mendel
crossed truebreeding
round
yellow peas with
wrinkled green peas.
• All of the F1 offspring
produced round yellow
peas.
 The
alleles for yellow
round peas were
dominant over the
alleles
for
green
wrinkled peas.
• This
result did not
support the independent
assortment of genes.
 Mendel
crossed the
F1 plants to produce
F2 offspring.
• This produced offspring
that had phenotypes that
were not found in their
parents.
 This
meant
that
genes that segregate
independently do not
influence
each
other’s inheritance.

States that genes for
different traits
segregate
independently
during the formation
of gametes.
Appyling Mendel’s Principles
11
 The
inheritance
of
biological
characteristics
is
determined
by
individual units called genes, which are
passed from parents to offspring.
 Where two or more forms (alleles) of the
gene for a single trait exist, some forms
of the gene may be dominant and others
may be recessive
 In
most sexually reproducing organisms,
each adult has two copies of each gene—
one from each parent. These genes
segregate from each other when gametes
are formed.
 Alleles
for different genes usually
segregate independently of each other.
 http://anthro.palomar.edu/mendel/quizz
es/mendqui1.htm