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The Community of Practices ‘‘ Concept Applied to Rice Production in the Mekong Region: Quick Conversion of Popular Rice Varieties with Emphasis on Drought, Salinity and Grain Quality Improvement’’ Cambodian Title: Improvement of Cooking Quality of a Drought Resistant Rice Variety CAR3 Introduction Rice production in Cambodia relies heavily on the rainfed lowland ecosystem, which accounts for 86%. rainfall dramatically affects the rice productivities. Drought can be recognized as a main constraint to increasing in rice production with can cause yield loss up to 50% (Ouk et al., 2001). Although, cooking quality always requite for people since the surpluses of rice production was existed since 1995 (Mak, 1999). on the above the goal is improve rice production, yield with tolerant (abiotic stress), resistant (biotic stress) and fragrance coking quality. Expectation: For increase the rice production in Cambodia with high yield and good cooking quality of drought resistant. Objective The Cambodian study focus on improving cooking quality in the drought background rice variety using marker assist selection. Materials and methods CAR3 is considered as a drought tolerance variety, used as recipient in the cross. Phkar Rumduol (PRD), is recognize as good cooking quality rice which carry the aromatic scents, medium amylose content, low gelatinization temperature and has long gel consistency (CARDI,2000), used as donor in the scheme and MAS selection are presented in Fig 1 Fig.1. Breeding Scheme and MAS selection in improving cooking quality of a drought resistant rice variety CAR3 CAR3 x PRD F1 x CAR3 RF BC1F1 x CAR3 MAS BC2F1 BC2F2 CARDI BC2F3 May. 2007 BC2F4 Nov. 2007 BC3F1 GCP May. 2008 Oct. 2008 BC3F2 BC3F3 MAS May, 2007 MAS, 125 BC2F4 plant, BADH, RM587, RM589 5 lines selected (21, 37, 38, 39 and 103) Nov, 2007 MAS, 94 BC3F1 plants, BADH, RM587, RM589 4 lines were selected (57, 61, 68 and 105) May, 2008 MAS, 484 BC3F2 plants, BADH, RM587, RM589 15 homozygous lines with all markers selected (16, 51, 66, 119, 150, 172, 200, 272, 279, 344, 357, 361, 377 and 442) Sep, 2008 to Feb, 2009 Screening of improvement of cooking quality of drought resistance in CARDI table 4 : 15 homozygous PRD plants (for all markers) BADH RM587 RM58 9 57-16 1 1 1 CIR 808-6-2-5- 57-51 1 1 1 66 CIR 808-6-2-5- 57-66 1 1 1 4 119 CIR 808-6-2-5- 57-119 1 1 1 5 150 CIR 808-6-2-5- 57-150 1 1 1 6 172 CIR 808-6-2-9- 61-20 1 1 1 7 200 CIR 808-6-2-16- 68-27 1 1 1 8 209 CIR 808-6-2-16- 68-36 1 1 1 9 272 CIR 808-6-2-16- 68-99 1 1 1 10 279 CIR 808-6-2-16- 68-106 1 1 1 11 344 CIR 808-6-2-16- 68-171 1 1 1 12 357 CIR 808-19-3-3- 105-1 1 1 1 13 361 CIR 808-19-3-3- 105-5 1 1 1 14 377 CIR 808-19-3-3- 105-21 1 1 1 15 442 CIR 808-19-3-3- 105-86 1 1 1 No DNA No Designation 1 16 CIR 808-6-2-5- 2 51 3 Cooking Quality Test No Designation Aroma GC 1 CIR 808-6-2-5- 57-16 2 84 2 CIR 808-6-2-5- 57-51 1 67 3 CIR 808-6-2-5- 57-66 1 70 4 CIR 808-6-2-5- 57-119 2 82 5 CIR 808-6-2-5- 57-150 1 86 6 CIR 808-6-2-9- 61-20 1 81 7 CIR 808-6-2-16- 68-27 2 85 8 CIR 808-6-2-16- 68-36 2 80 9 CIR 808-6-2-16- 68-99 2 84 10 CIR 808-6-2-16- 68-106 2 75 11 CIR 808-6-2-16- 68-171 2 76 12 CIR 808-19-3-3- 105-1 2 72 13 CIR 808-19-3-3- 105-5 2 68 14 CIR 808-19-3-3- 105-21 2 71 15 CIR 808-19-3-3- 105-86 2 73 PRD 2 83 CAR3 0 61 Field screening of cooking quality of Drought Resistant, 10 lines Table 5 : Result Data Collected Mean No Trait LSD 5% Prob CV Irrigated Drained Irrigated Drained Irrigated Drained Irrigated Drained 1 DF 89 89 12.09 10.36 ** ** 6.8 5.8 2 PH 90.19 76.85 8.54 11.78 ** ns 4.7 7.6 3 TN 4.43 3.82 1.60 1.06 ns ns 18 13.8 4 PL 21.38 20.08 2.68 2.11 ns 6.2 5.2 5 FG 81.54 50.06 32.96 23.83 ns * ns 20.1 23.7 6 UG 22.59 31.06 15.23 19.36 ns 33.5 31 7 GW100 2.54 2.25 0.22 0.28 ns ** ns 4.3 6.1 8 BM 1.26 0.64 0.45 0.25 19 GY 0.15 0.05697 0.03 0.02 ns ** 17.9 9 ns ** 8.6 18.4 10 DTM 119 119 12.09 10.36 ** ** 5.1 4.3 11 LD 4.43 2.68 ns 30.1 12 LR 5.16 3.43 ns 33 Comment Project For this project allow me and other breeders to understand more over our knowledge that we have, such as : the modern breeding program using by MAS, provided the basic vital information for rice breeder to apply in modern breeding program. help the people that have countries bounding in the Mekong River know clearly about the rice problem especially rice production and yield relate to MAS. MAS of rice breeding, is the modern of era, it also expected that the super rice of Cambodia with good cooking quality could be developed in the near future using gene pyramiding concept. We hope so this or other project will be have training activities to build ability, new knowledge for the developing counties to cut down food securities and increase the modern technology. Work Plan for Future Seed increase 15 homozygous lines at CARDI Field screening drought tolerance again with 15 homozygous lines in 2009 at CARDI. Field evaluation in multi-locations. Cooking quality test. Conclusion MAS method provides high accuracy and efficiency in detecting traits of interest, Based on the polymorphism of the 3 markers (BADH, RM587 and RM589) used, 10 homozygous lines for PRD were selected The are 5 lines (1, 4, 5, 7, 9) have GC lower then PRD , 2 lines (6, 8) similar and 8 lines (2, 3, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15) worst. For the aroma have 11 lines (1, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, & 15) strong aroma like PRD and 4 lines (2, 3, 5, & 6) medium. Base on the screened, - Drained: leaf drying similar CAR3 have 5 lines (2, 6, 7, 8, 10) and Grain yield that best have 4 lines (1, 2, 8, and 9). - Irrigated: best grain yield have 6 lines (1, 2, 5, 6, 7 & 10). After finished this program, we expect that the super rice of Cambodia with good cooking quality of drought resistant could be developed in the near future using gene pyramiding concept. Acknowledgements On behalf of institute (CARDI), I wish to thanks • Dr MEN Sarom and Dr OUK Makara, director of Cambodia Agriculture Research and Development Institute. • Dr Apichart Vanavichit, Dr Teerayuth Toojinda and Dr Jonaliza Siangliw , Rice Genes Discovery Unit. That for giving me the opportunity to attend the training program on MAS and Sincerely thanks to all staff of RGDU. • Highly appreciate to the Generation Challenge Program (GCP) and the National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Thailand (BIOTEC) for supporting this training program.