Transcript Frostburg State Planetarium presents

This presentation ……
• Can be used by the public, any school, group,
provided credit is given to FSU Planetarium.
• May be downloaded and copied freely.
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Dr. Doyle at [email protected]
Frostburg State Planetarium
presents
Fall 2009 Sky Sights for
Primary Grades & Beginners
by Dr. Bob Doyle
Next Version: Early Nov.2009
Big Topics Treated
• Horizon, Finding directions, Sunrise/Sunset
• How Day Sky Works, Twilight AM & PM
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Moon basics, Made of what? Lady in moon?
Bright points seen at night? Easy Fall 2009 Planets
Best Stars & Star Groups Seen on Fall Evenings
3 Built in Mini Quizzes with answers supplied
Fall ’09 Moon Schedule, Planet Table, * Table
Planetarium Schedule for 2009-2010 School Yr.
Horizon & Directions
• When looking at sky, we may view ½ of universe!
• The Horizon is line between ground and sky.
• Horizon has 4 directions – North, East, South &
West. To learn, say Never Eat Salty Worms!
• North is direction your shadow points in mid day.
• East is about where sun rises each morning.
• South is where sun is highest in sky (in mid day)
• West is about where sun sets each afternoon.
Why does Sun Rise & Set?
• For thousands of years, humans believed that sun
& sky objects moved about Earth every day!
• In the 1500’s, Copernicus proposed that the Earth
itself was moving, not the sky objects!
• Copernicus wrote that the Earth was spinning
every day and orbiting the sun every year!
• It took over a century until most were convinced
that Copernicus was correct (thanks to Newton).
• The Earth turns so sun seems to rise and set.
Let’s review these ideas
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What is the line between ground & sky?
Is it Ground line? Horizon? Edge of sky?
In what direction are shadows in mid day?
Is it
North? East? South? or West?
Why does sun seem to rise and set?
Because Sun is moving? Earth is spinning?
Write down your answers for these questions.
Answers are: Horizon, North & Earth is spinning
How Day Sky Works
• Sun, our day star is so bright that it lights up
air, causing it to glow blue on a clear day.
• As Earth turns, sun seems to rise in morning
• Due to our turning, sun slowly rolls right.
• Sun peaks mid day(1 p.m. now, cold noons)
• Sun sets near direction West as we turn.
• To find North, face where sun goes down
and extend your right arm out, points North.
Twilight or Dusk?
• When sun disappears from our view, the air
overhead is still ‘seeing’ sun and glowing.
• As we turn more away from sun, only very thin,
very high air still lit & sky gets darker.
• This time is twilight or dusk, lasts an hour.
• During dusk, bright planets, stars show 1st.
• By end of dusk, easily seen star groups seen.
• Just as dusk after sunset, dawn before sunrise.
What about Moon?
• Our moon is a ball of rock that orbits Earth.
• Moon ¼ as big as Earth; if Earth a regular globe
(1 ft.wide), moon is a tennis ball.
• If Earth is regular globe, moon is 30 ft.away
• As moon orbits us, we see day & night sides
• In evening, lighted side ‘grows’ for 12 days
• Then moon is full, shining all thru the night
• Then in morning sky, moon ‘shrinks’ for 12 days
• Moon’s lighted shapes as can’t see its night side
Just a little bit more about Moon
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The moon NOT a big cheese ball! (Sorry!)
Man/lady/rabbit in moon due to dark plains
Dark plains of hard lava, good to land there
Over 40 yrs. ago, 1st men walked on moon
Perhaps in 2020’s, more moon landings
Current rockets can’t carry people, new
rockets needed, U.S., China or Russia to try
Another review of ideas..
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As you face sunset, what points North?
Back of Head? Right arm (out)? Left ear?
If Earth 1 ft. wide, how far away is moon?
Is it 10 feet? 30 feet? 100 feet? 300 feet?
How long does moon ‘grow’ or ‘shrink’?
Is it A week? A dozen days? A month?
Write down your answers to above 3 questions.
Answers: Right arm (out), 30 feet, Dozen days
Bright points we see at night?
• Even the nearest planets appear as * (points) as we
see them with our eyes; for even these objects
very far away (moon=1 unit). Venus 100x farther.
• To tell a planet from a star, all night stars twinkle
and planets usually shine steady.
• Also satellites (especially Space Station) shine
steadily as creep eastward across sky
• Night stars are distant suns, really, really far away
compared to our planet neighbors.
• If Earth penny size, moon 22” away, sun 730 ft.
away (6.3 ft. wide), nearest star is 37,000 mi.away
Easy Fall 2009 Planets
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Evenings, Jupiter very bright steady point
Moon near Jupiter 9/2, 9/29, 10/26 & 11/23
First number is month number / 2nd is date
Venus very bright at dawn, slowly dropping
Moon near Venus on 9/16, 10/16 & 11/15
As Venus lowers, Mars higher & brighter
Venus & Saturn close at dawn on 10/13
Easy Fall Stars & Groups
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Evening: Big Dipper low in N, holds soup!
Rightmost Dipper * point to North Star.
Early fall, Dipper’s handle arcs to Arcturus
Sorry, Little Dipper very dim, seldom seen
Vega brightest evening star, high in West
Vega part of Summer Triangle, seen all fall
In Southeast Big Square/Baseball Diamond
Big Dipper & N. Star in Fall
Summer Triangle in West
Altair, Deneb & Vega
Arc to Arcturus using Dipper’s Handle
Venus & Mars in Fall Dawn Sky
Let’s review once more…
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How to tell a planet from a star?
Planet always brighter Planet shines steady
Brightest Evening , Brightest Morning Planet?
(Venus PM, Jupiter AM) (Jupiter PM, Venus AM)
Which part of Big Dipper points to N.Star?
End of Scoop or Arch of Dipper’s Handle
Write down your answers
Answers: Pl. steady, Jup. PM, Ven.AM, Scoop
Frequently asked questions
• What are falling stars? (Aka shooting stars)
• Nearly all are pea sized space grit burning up in
our upper atmosphere. Only dust left.
• Can the planets line up like beads on string?
• No, orbits are tilted but even if they could, pull is
extremely weak, compared to moon.
• What keeps stars, planets floating in sky?
• There’s no up/down in space. Earth floats too!
Fall 2009 Moon Schedule
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Early Sept: much even. moonlight, full 9/4
Mid Sept: Dawn sky moon & Venus/Mars
Late Sept: Growing even. Moon & Jupiter
Early Oct: Full on 3rd (Harvest Moon)
Late Oct: Growing even. Moon & Jupiter
Early Nov: Full on 2nd (Hunters’ Moon)
Late Nov: Growing even. Moon & Jupiter
Fall 2009 Bright Planet Table
• Sept: Bright Jupiter seen all thru evening
Venus splendid in E. Dawn, Mars S. Dawn
• Oct: Jupiter in S. Dusk, W at midnight
Venus lower in E. Dawn, Mars in early AM
• Nov: Jupiter SW Dusk, Mars E. late even.
Venus very low in SE Dawn, Saturn higher
Farther planets too dim, Merc. early Oct. dawn
Bright Fall *’s & Groups
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Sept. & Oct. even: Big Dipper low in N
Sept. – Nov. even: Summer Triangle in W
Sept. even: Dipper Handle arcs to Arcturus
Early Fall even: White-blue Vega hi in W
Late Fall even: Tiny dipper (7 Sisters) in E
also Golden star Capella in Northeast
Fall Dawn Skies feature winter evening stars
FSU Planetarium Shows (free)
Tawes 302 Sundays, 4 pm ,7 pm
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Sept: “Earth & Moon from Other Planets”
Oct: “Bare Eye Sky Gazing”
Nov: “Telescopic Sky Exploring”
Dec: “Christmas & Seasonal Feasts”
Different Program (last 45 min.) each month
Tawes Hall near FSU Clock Tower, Lane Center
With convenient free parking, hand. access
Limited free literature: Monthly sky map,
bookmark/schedule, beginner’s guide to universe
Late comers not admitted, come 10 min.early
Send any additional questions
to….
• Bob Doyle email [email protected]
• Be sure that questions involve basics about sky,
moon, planets and stars
• For questions about 2012, Sun out of order,
collisions – visit Planetarium, talk to Dr. Doyle
• Sunday programs are free on Sundays at 4 p.m.and
7 p.m. starting Sept.6, change monthly at FSU
• (301) 687-4270 for road directions to Planetarium
• Call (301) 687-7799 request free planetarium
bookmark, map, schedule be sent to you thru mail
Other ways FSU Planetarium
serves the Tri-State area
• Friday Starlab sessions Allegany Cty. Schools
• Special FSU Planetarium programs for Tri-State
schools – free, call (301) 687-7799 and leave
message of desired date & time
• Free Special programs arranged for special
groups, clubs, scouts, etc. – call above #
• Dr. Doyle talks to clubs, groups as well, no fee
• FSU Planetarium has served area for 40 years