Transcript Vocabulary Game - Fulton County Schools

Top 110 Biology Concepts
By: Mrs. Lepkofker
Questions
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
1
A _________________is a selectively
permeable barrier around every cell made
of a double layer of lipid s and proteins
thatPlasma
separatesMembrane
the cell's content from its
environment.
2
A __________________is a barrier
around the nucleus
that contains pores
Nuclear
so materialsmembrane
may pass out of the
nucleus.
3
Holes in the nuclear membrane used
for materials to may pass out of the
nucleus are called _____________.
Nuclear pores
4
This structure maintains cell shape; it
is invisible and anchors organelles in
place and moves parts of cells in
processes of growth and motility.
cytoskeleton
5
_____ consist of microtubules and
occur in animal cells only and are
involved in division of the
chromosomes.
Centrioles
6
This structure is located inside the
nucleus. It manufactures ribosomes,
which in turn build proteins.
nucleolus
7
A ____________is one half of a
duplicated chromosome.
Chromatid
8
A phase in mitosis when the centromeres
divide and the two chromatids now called
chromosomes move toward opposite poles
as the spindle fibers attached to them
shorten
Anaphase
9
A phase in mitosis that appears to be a
“resting” stage, but cell growth, and
replication of the chromosomes are taking
place during this time
interphase
10
The repeating sequence of growth and
division through which eukaryotic cells
pass each generation.
The Cell Cycle
11
A phase in mitosis when the
chromosomes coil up and become
visible The nuclear envelope dissolves
and the spindle forms.
Prophase
12
A phase in mitosis when chromosomes move
to the center of the cell and line up at the
equator. Spindle fibers link the chromatids
of each chromosome to opposite poles.
Metaphase
13
A phase in mitosis when the nuclear
envelope forms at each pole,
chromosomes uncoil, spindle dissolves
and cytokinesis begins.
Telphase
14
The splitting of the cytoplasm at the
end of mitosis.
cytokinesis
15
Substance that decreases
activation energy and increases
reaction rate in a chemical reaction
catalyst
16
Large complex polymer composed of
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
and usually sulfur which provides
structure for tissues and organs and
carry out cell metabolism
Proteins
17
Compounds that do not contain
carbon.
inorganic
18
Includes all compounds of carbon.
organic
19
A macromolecule containing a
glycerol backbone and 1,2, or 3 fatty
acid chains.
fats
20
Macromolecule composed of
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen;
includes sugars and starches.
carbohydrate
21
Non-polar molecules including fats, oils
and cholesterol that are used by cells
for energy storage, insulation and
protective coating
lipid
22
A complex carbohydrate.
starch
23
The type of bond created by the
unequal sharing of electrons in a
covalent bond.
polar
24
Type of bond formed when there is
Equal sharing of electrons in a covalent
bond.
Non-polar
25
An attraction formed by the sharing
of electrons.
Covalent bonding
26
An attraction created by the gain and
loss of electrons.
Ionic bonding
27
body plan of some organisms in
which the body is not identical on
both sides of a central line
asymmetrical
28
plants that lack an internal means for
water transportation and do not
produce seeds or flowers
Nonvascular plants
29
seed plant whose embryos are
enclosed by fruit
angiosperms
30
Polymer of nucleotides; the genetic
material of organisms; RNA and DNA
Nucleic acids
31
Nucleic acid molecule that allows for the
transmission of genetic information and
protein synthesis.
RNA
32
Difference in the concentration of a
substance from one location to
another.
Concentration gradient
33
Solution that has equal concentration of
dissolved particles compared with
another solution.
isotonic
34
Solution that has a higher
concentration of dissolved particles
compared with another solution
hypertonic
35
Solution that has a lower
concentration of dissolved particles
compared with another solution
hypotonic
36
All chemical processes that synthesize
or break down materials within an
organism.
metabolism
37
High energy molecule that contains,
within its bonds, energy that cells can
use.
ATP
38
Protein that catalyzes chemical
reactions for organisms, biological
catalyst.
enzyme
39
Study of heredity patterns and
variation of organisms.
genetics
40
Monomer that forms DNA and has a
phosphate group, a sugar and a
nitrogen-containing base.
nucleotide
41
Process by which DNA is copied in the
nucleus of the cell.
replication
42
Process of copying a nucleotide
sequence of DNA ro form a
complementary strand of mRNA.
transcription
43
Process by which mRNA is decoded
and a protein is produced.
translation
44
Process by which DNA codes for
the production of DNA and
proteins.
Protein synthesis
45
Molecule that makes up proteins;
composed of carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes
sulfur.
Amino acids
46
A type of RNA transports amino
acids to the ribosome to be
assembled into a protein
tRNA
47
A type of RNA that brings info
from DNA in nucleus to the
cytoplasm
mRNA
48
A type of RNA the clamps onto mRNA
and use its info to assemble the amino
acids in the correct order
tRNA
49
A type of RNA the clamps onto mRNA
and use its info to assemble the amino
acids in the correct order
rRNA
50
Set of 3 nitrogen bases in mRNA
coding for an amino acid
codon
51
Set of 3 nitrogenous bases on tRNA
that are complementary to the 3
bases on mRNA.
Anti-codon
52
A change in the DNA sequence.
mutation
53
A chromosomal mutation when part of a
chromatid breaks off and attaches to
the sister chromatid.
insertion
54
A chromosomal mutation when part of
the chromosome is left out
deletion
55
A chromosomal mutations when part of
chromosome breaks off and goes back
backwards
inversion
56
A type of asexual reproduction whereby
the offspring grows out of the body of
the parent.
budding
57
A type of asexual reproduction where
the body of the parent breaks into
distinct pieces, each of which can
produce an offspring.
fragmentation
58
A type of asexual reproduction and cell
division used by prokaryotic organisms
which divides the organisms into two
parts.
fission
59
Process by which a new organism
can grow from a fragment of a
nonreproductive structure.
regeneration
60
The scientific word for a sex cell; an
egg or sperm cell.
gamete
61
The male gamete.
sperm
62
The female gamete.
egg
63
A cell that forms when a male gamete
fertilizes a female gamete.
zygote
64
A cell that only has one copy of each
chromosome designated as “n”.
haploid
65
A cell that only has two copies of each
chromosome designated as “2n”.
diploid
66
The process of the fusion of an egg and
sperm cell.
fertilization
67
Genetic disorders that are not expressed
unless two copies of an allele are
present in an organism’s genotype.
Recessive disorders
68
trait that is produced by two or more
genes
Polygenic trait
69
A series of three or more alternative or
allelic forms of a gene that express a
phenotype, only two of which can exist
in any normal, diploid individual.
Multiple alleles
70
An image of all of the chromosomes in a
cell created with the help of staining.
karyotype
71
the counseling of individuals, and of
prospective parents regarding their
offspring, on the probabilities, dangers,
diagnosis, and treatment of inherited
diseases
Genetic counseling
72
scientific tests or techniques used in the
investigation of crimes
forensics
73
process of changing an organism’s
DNA to give the organism new traits
Genetic engineering
74
procedure to treat a disease in which a
defective or missing gene is replaced
or a new gene is inserted into a
patient’s genome.
Gene therapy
75
genetically engineered DNA that contains
genes from more than one organisms or
species
Recombinant DNA
76
ecological relationship in which one
organism lives within the body of another
endosymbiosis
77
genetically identical copy of a single
gene or an entire organism
clone
78
variety of life within an area
biodiversity
79
the belief that changes occur, or ought
to occur, slowly in the form of gradual
steps
gradualism
80
theory that states that speciation occurs
suddenly and rapidly followed by long
periods of little evolutionary change
Punctuated
Equilibrium
81
states that species originate by descent,
with variation, from parent forms,
through the natural selection of those
individuals best adapted for the
reproductive success of their kind
Darwinism
82
body part that is similar in structure on
different organisms but performs
different functions
Homologous structures
83
process by which one species evolves
and gives rise to many descendant
species that occupy different
ecological niches
Adaptive radiation
84
the extinction of a large number of
species within a relatively short period
of geological time, thought to be due to
factors such as a catastrophic global
event or widespread environmental
change that occurs too rapidly for most
species to adapt
Mass extinction
85
seed plant whose seeds are not enclosed
by fruit
gymnosperm
86
estimate of the age of a fossil based
on the location of fossils in strata
Relative dating
87
the systematic study of past human life
and culture by the recovery and
examination of remaining material
evidence, such as graves, buildings,
tools, and pottery
archaeology
88
movement of a chemical through the
biological and geological, or living and
nonliving, parts of an ecosystem
Biogeochemical cycle
89
nonliving factor in an ecosystem, such as
moisture, temperature, wind, sunlight,
soil, and minerals
abiotic
90
living things, such as plants, animals,
fungi, and bacteria
Biotic factors
91
stablishment and development of an
ecosystem in an area that was
previously uninhabited
Primary succession
92
reestablishment of a damaged
ecosystem in an area where the soil
was left intact
Secondary succession
93
level of nourishment in a food chain
Trophic level
94
anything that is added to the
environment and has a negative effect
on the environment or its organisms.
pollution
95
growth of a plant toward a light source
phototropism
96
growth oriented with respect to the
field of gravity
geotropism
97
walled, single- to many-celled,
reproductive body of an organism,
capable of giving rise to a new
individual either directly or indirectly
spore
98
life cycle in which the organism
alternates between haploid and diploid
phases.
Alternation of generation
99
the close external resemblance of an
organism, the mimic, to some different
organism, the model, such that the
mimic benefits from the mistaken
identity, as seeming to be unpalatable
or harmful
mimicry
100
concealment by some means that alters
or obscures the appearance
camouflage
101
waterproof container that allows an
embryo to develop out of water and
externally from the mother without
drying out
Amniotic egg
102
a species that exploits empty niches, and
produces many offspring, each of
which has a relatively low probability of
surviving to adulthood
R-strategist
103
a species that is a strong competitor in
crowded niches, and invests more
heavily in fewer offspring, each of
which has a relatively high probability
of surviving to adulthood
K-strategist
104
dramatic increase in population over a
short period of time
Exponential growth
105
population growth that is characterized
by a period of slow growth, followed by
a period of exponential growth,
followed by a period of almost no
growth
Logistical growth
106
any organism that lacks a cavity between
the body wall and the digestive tract,
including the flatworms and sea anemones
acoelomate
107
any organism with a fluid filled space with
mesoderm on only one side of the space
pseudocoelomate
108
any organism with a fluid-filled space that is
completely covered by muscle
coelomate
109
arrangement of body parts in a circle around
a central axis
Radial symmetry
110
body plan of some organisms in which the
body can be divided equally along only
one plane
Bilateral symmetry