Transcript 3.13 Review
Test Review Catalyst Here Find Here is a stand of DNA: GTAACGTCA the complementary strand of DNA is a strand of DNA: TCAGGTATC Find the complementary strand of RNA What amino acids does this RNA make? (Use your codon table from yesterday.) Write in complete sentences! Don’t talk during the Catalyst! Catalyst Review Here is a stand of DNA: GTAACGTCA Complementary DNA: CATTGCAGT Here is a strand of DNA: TCAGGTATC Complementary RNA: AGUCCAUAG Amino acids: Serine-Proline-Stop Agenda The Big Picture Quiz-Quiz-Trade Pedigree Review Independent Work Exit Question In The Beginning… Humanisbeings of chromosomes (one DNA madehave up 23 of pairs two strands from mommy, onein from daddy).helix. of nucleotides a double Nucleotide: Each chromosome is made backbone (sugar and up of genes. plus a base. phosphate) A specific area of a Genetic information is stored in chromosome that codes for theonenitrogenous bases. trait is called a gene. T Chromosomes genes G C DNA A Controls a Trait? How? Different alleles (versions) of genes code for different traits. We can predict what traits children will have if we know their parents’ alleles. IA IB i GENOTYPES: PHENOTYPES: IA IB IB i i IA i ii Ai: 25% IType A: 25% IBi: 25% Type B: 25% IAIB: 25% Type AB: 25% ii: 25% Type O: 25% How? Where? OK, so genes code for traits—but how do we get from a gene to a trait? Proteins! Proteins are the stuff that actually causes our hair to be blonde, eyes to be brown, skin to be dark, etc. Problem Chromosomes/genes/DNA are in the nucleus. Proteins are made in the ribosome. OH NOES!!! The Solution X X X X X X X X X The Solution CGATTA GCUAAU GCU = Alanine AAU = Asparagine TRANSLATION: TRANSCRIPTION: Information in DNA mRNA is isre-read one codon (three bases) at a written as mRNA time. mRNA is formed by Codons are instructions for complementary base pairs producing A U, T amino A acids. G amino C, C acids G Many = protein The Central Dogma of Biology DNA Transcription RNA Protein Translation Quiz-Quiz-Trade Find a partner. Quiz them with your question on your notecard. If they can’t get it right, coach them (coaching is not telling them the answer!) Then your partner quizzes you. Once you have each successfully answered your question, trade your notecards. Then raise your hand. Dap someone with a raised hand. BAM! You’re now partners. Pedigree Review – Symbols Male Parents Children Female Pedigree Review – Symbols Unaffected: normal; no disorder (but could carry it) Affected: has the disorder Recessive Inheritance If a disease is recessive inheritance, then you have to have all recessive alleles to get the disease. DD = unaffected Dd = carrier (unaffected, but could give disease to children) dd = affected If an affected child comes from unaffected parents, the disease is recessive inheritance. Recessive inheritance Affected children may come from unaffected parents Dominant Inheritance If a disease is dominant inheritance, then having even ONE dominant allele gives you the disease. DD = affected Dd = affected dd = unaffected If an unaffected child comes from affected parents, the disease is dominant inheritance. Dominant Inheritance Unaffected children may come from affected parents Sex-Linked Inheritance If a disease is sex-linked inheritance, then it is attached to the X chromosome. Men are much more likely to be affected than women. XX = normal woman XY = normal man X*X = carrier woman X*X* = affected woman X*Y = affected man Sex-Linked Inheritance XY X*Y X*X* X*Y X*Y X*X Independent Work Exit Questions What is ONE question you have about this unit? I will review the most common questions tomorrow before the unit test.