Transcript notes - Local.brookings.k12.sd.us

Exploring Mendelian
Genetics
11-3
http://www.eslkidstuff.com/images/tallshort.gif
http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/genetics%20tutorial.htm
GENES are more complicated
than Mendel thought
____________________________ the
________________________.
= ________________________
Genes ________ the ______ for
development, but how plan unfolds also
_______ on ______________conditions.
GENES are more complicated
than Mendel thought
Some traits have
____________ allele __________
= ____________________
EX: blood type
Allele choices ___ ___ ___
GENES are more complicated
than MENDEL thought
Some traits are determined by
____________________________
= __________________
EX: human height.
intelligence,
skin & eye color
http://www.bcps.org/offices/lis/models/life/images/grow.JPG
GENES are more complicated
than MENDEL thought
Traits determined by ____________
_________ have _____
“___________” phenotypes
There aren’t just SMART people
and DUMB people….
there is a ________________
of intelligences in-between
http://www.newtonswindow.com/problem-solving.htm
GENES are more complicated
than MENDEL thought
KINDS OF DOMINANCE
____________________
____________________
____________________
COMPLETE DOMINANCE
__________ allele _______
the ___________ one
PATTERN ?
____________ allele
________
in a _____ratio in the
____ generation
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookTOC.html
INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE
__________ expected
_____ ratio in
F2 generation
_____________ organisms with one
dominant and one recessive allele
show a _________ in-between trait
Image modified from: http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookTOC.html
CO-DOMINANCE
_______ traits are expressed at ___________
(____________________) in heterozygote
A ________HORSE has
______________ hair
and __________ hair
side by side
CO-DOMINANCE
Both traits are expressed together
(NO BLENDING) in heterozygote
Persons with an A allele
AND a B allele have
blood type AB
REMEMBER
Membrane proteins with
_______ attached that
help cells recognize self
= ______________
http://www.mannanw.com/super-sugars.htm
BLOOD TYPES
have more than 2 allele choices
= _________________________
The pattern of sugars that is
attached is determined by genes
Allele choices are:
_____ ____ ____
BLOOD TYPES
An A allele tells
the cell to put
“A” glycoproteins
on its surface
BLOOD TYPES
A B allele tells
the cell to put a
different “B”
glycoprotein
on its surface
BLOOD TYPES
An O allele tells
the cell NOT to put
anything on the
surface
A and B are CO-DOMINANT
A cell with
BOTH an
A and a B allele
has BOTH
“A” and “B”
glycoproteins on its
surface
BLOOD TYPES & ALLELES
GENOTYPE
AA
AO
BB
BO
OO
AB
PHENOTYPE
(BLOOD TYPE)
DONOR
BLOOD
A and AB see A
as “like me”
Body images modified from:
http://www.new-fitness.com/images/body_shapes.jpg
B and O see A
as Different!
IMMUNE SYSTEM
ATTACKS!
DONOR
BLOOD
B and AB see B
as “like me”
Body images modified from:
http://www.new-fitness.com/images/body_shapes.jpg
A and O see B
as Different!
IMMUNE SYSTEM
ATTACKS!
DONOR
BLOOD
____ can donate to
EVERY BLOOD TYPE
= _____________________
Nothing on surface to
recognize as “NOT SELF”
YOU DON’T HAVE
ANYTHING I DON’T
HAVE!
Body images modified from:
http://www.new-fitness.com/images/body_shapes.jpg
DONOR
BLOOD
Only AB sees AB
as “like me”
Body images modified from:
http://www.new-fitness.com/images/body_shapes.jpg
A, B, and O see
AB as Different!
IMMUNE SYSTEM
ATTACKS!
AB can only GIVE to AB
BUT . . .
______ can RECEIVE FROM
EVERY BLOOD TYPE
= ________________________
Body image modified from:
http://www.new-fitness.com/images/body_shapes.jpg
BLOOD TYPE FREQUENCY
IN USA
A
B
AB
O
40%
10%
4%
46%
http://www.reachoutmichigan.org/funexperiments/agesubject/lessons/newton/BldTyping.html
ABO SYSTEM is NOT
THE ONLY ONE
+
Rh
Rh
OTHER BLOOD TYPES
____________________ IF:
MOM is _____
& BABY is _____
Image modified from:
http://www.wsd1.org/lessonplans/images/Body.gif
MOM is _____
& BABY is ____
Can be a ___________ IF:
Mom is _____
Baby is _____
1st baby OK but few baby cells
entering mom’s bloodstream
put mom’s immune system on
alert for + cells.
Next + baby, mom’s immune
system can attack baby as it is
growing
Mom given shot after 1st birth
prevents this
Image modified from:
http://www.wsd1.org/lessonplans/images/Body.gif
DIHYBRID CROSSES
(2
traits)
http://mac122.icu.ac.jp/BIOBK/BioBookgenintro.html
Mendel also asked the question?
Does the gene that determines if a seed
is round or wrinkled have anything to
do with the gene for seed shape?
Must a seed that is yellow
also be round?
MAKING A CROSS with
______________ traits =
____________________
A Punnett square for
a DIHYBRID
CROSS looks like
this:
Figure 11-10 Independent Assortment in Peas
Section 11-3
Go to
Section:
LAW OF
INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT
__________________________
the factors are distributed to gametes
independently of other factors
Image modified from:
http://anthro.palomar.edu/mendel/mendel_1.htm
LET’S MAKE A DIHYBRID CROSS
HOMOZYGOUS
YELLOW ROUND
HOMOZYGOUS
GREEN WRINKLED
1. Figure
___________
are
out what _________________
parent alleles
2. Choose
________correct__________
Punnett square __________
size
3. Put
______
in possible_______________________
parent gametes
4. Fill
______
in boxes with _____________________
offspring combinations
5. Determine ____________of_____________&
probabilities phenotypes
____________
genotypes
PRACTICE MAKING GAMETES
WHAT ARE THE POSSIBLE GAMETES
THIS PARENT CAN MAKE?
HOMOZYGOUS
ROUND YELLOW
Each gamete should
get one of each kind
of gene
__ __ __ __
___________ ____________ _____________ _____________
PRACTICE MAKING GAMETES
WHAT ARE THE POSSIBLE GAMETES
THIS PARENT CAN MAKE?
HOMOZYGOUS
WRINKLED GREEN
Each gamete should
get one of each kind
of gene
__ __ __ __
___________ ____________ _____________ _____________
PRACTICE MAKING GAMETES
WHAT ARE THE POSSIBLE GAMETES
THIS PARENT CAN MAKE?
HETEROZYGOUS
ROUND YELLOW
Each gamete should
get one of each kind
of gene
__ __ __ __
___________ ____________ _____________ _____________
100% of offspring = _______ genotype
_______________________ phenotype
MAKE ANOTHER CROSS
HETEROZYGOUS
ROUND YELLOW
HETEROZYGOUS
ROUND YELLOW
POSSIBLE PARENT GAMETES?
____ Round &
Yellow
____ Round &
green
____ Wrinkled
& yellow
____ wrinkled
& green
Sign of a ______________________ cross is a
_____________ ratio in offspring.
____ ____________ TRAIT 1 ; ____________ TRAIT 2
____ ____________ TRAIT 1; _____________ TRAIT 2
____ ____________ TRAIT 1; _____________ TRAIT 2
____ ____________ TRAIT 1; _____________ TRAIT 2
__________ratio is a clue that it’s a
____________________________cross
PRACTICE MAKING GAMETES
for DIHYBRID CROSSES
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookTOC.html
What are the possible gametes?


pure round & pure tall = __________
____ ____ _____ ______
What gametes can it produce?
What are the possible gametes?
= __________


Heterozygous Tall
& pure round
____ ____ _____ ______
What gametes can it produce?
What are the possible gametes?
= __________


Hybrid tall
& pure wrinkled
____ ____ _____ ______
What gametes can it produce?
What are the possible gametes?
= __________


Heterozygous tall
& hybrid round
____ ____ _____ ______
What gametes can it produce?