Transcript Learning Objectives

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To apply knowledge in preparation for the
Unit 1 exam
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To understand the assessment requirements
for the Unit 1 examination
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DO NOW: your marked essay is on the desk
try to achieve the target you have been set
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Sane Spy
One Run
Died Rent
An Ox
Uncle Us
Which area of the topic do these key terms
come from?
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You sit your exam in 4 days from now
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You will now answer the short answer
questions from the January 2011 paper
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You will have 10 mins to do this
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You will mark one another’s towards the end
of the lesson
Question Number
1 a (i)
1 a (ii)
1b
1c
C1
C2
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There are various answers around the room both
‘Candidate 1’ (C1) and ‘Candidate 2’ (C2) these
are actual people and the marks awarded were
by actual examiners in January 2011
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You are going to decide what mark you give
their answers and why, you will have the mark
scheme and the examiner’s report to help you to
complete this task
You will have 15 minutes in total
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C1: Thought processes which intervene
between stimulus and response in performing
behaviour
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How many marks?
Why?
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C2: This is to do with thinking before you copy a
behaviour.
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How many marks?
Why?
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C1: They cannot be visibly seen so are based
on inference rather than fact
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How many marks?
Why?
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C2: They are not observable because they are
internal mental processes.
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How many marks?
Why?
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C1: The first stage of psychosexual
development is the oral stage. This occurs in
the first year of a baby’s life and means they
get satisfaction from the mouth. Children
who do not resolve conflict at this stage and
become fixated at it in adult life may smoke
or chew their fingernails without noticing.
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How many marks?
Why?
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C2: One of the stages is the anal stage of
development. This is when a child gains
pleasure from expelling and retaining faeces.
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How many marks?
Why?
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1 (c) Derek and David are identical twins. The
twins were separated at birth and raised in
very different families. Derek was given a
healthy diet. David was raised in a poor
environment where his family could not
afford much food. When the twins were reunited at 40 years old, Derek was tall but
David was much shorter.
Distinguish between the terms genotype and
phenotype. Refer to Derek and David in your
answer. (5 marks)
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C1: A genotype is a person’s genetic make-up. It refers to the
genes that a person possesses. A phenotype is the actual
expression of the genotype, how it has developed and is seen as
part of someone’s characteristics. Therefore, the difference
between them is that a genotype refers to the genes a person
possesses but does not necessarily display whereas phenotype
refers to the expression of their genes. In this example, they are
monozygotic twins so they share 100% of their genes, therefore,
they have the same genotype, however, Davids lack of healthy
diet means that he does not express the gene which Derek does
for being tall because Derek was raised with a healthy diet.
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How many marks? Why?
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C2: A genotype is a person’s genetic make-up. A
phenotype is the genotype plus the influence of
the environment. In this example, they are
monozygotic twins so they share 100% of their
genes (same genotype) however, Davids lack of
healthy diet means he has not developed in the
same way as Derek, even though they are
genetically identical their phenotype is different.
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How many marks? Why?
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BE AWARE ON THE ESSAY QUESTION!
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What is this question actually asking you to
do?
Think-Pair-Share
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The majority of candidates scored in the ‘average to weak answer’
band. In a number of responses, candidates seemed to produce
rote-learned answers in relation to a general question on the
behaviourist approach rather than reading the question carefully.
In terms of description of the approach, better answers provided a
range of features/assumptions. Weaker answers were limited to
descriptions of Pavlov’s and Skinner’s experiments.
For the second part of the question, candidates were required to
evaluate the research methods used by the behaviourist approach
not the approach as a whole. This was met with varying success.
Most candidates raised the issue of the use of animals in
experimental research and the fact that the behaviourist approach
employs scientific methods in its research. However, few
responses demonstrated any further knowledge of research
methods beyond these two issues hence limiting overall marks. It
was also common to observe candidates offering evaluations in
the format of a list rather than qualifying their points as one would
expect in a discussion based answer.
 General evaluations of the approach received no credit as this
was not the focus of the question.
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Controlled experimental methods:
Strengths - establish cause and effect; manipulate IV; control for
extraneous variables; scientific methods; objectivity, etc.
Limitations – artificiality of controlled experiments; lacks ecological
validity; representativeness, etc.
Use of animals:
Strengths – short gestation period; more ethical than using humans;
generalisability to human behaviour, etc.
Limitations – crude to extrapolate findings to explain human behaviour;
lacks generalisability; representativeness, etc.
Note: Candidates may also receive AO3 credit by comparing the
research methods used in other approaches in psychology.
The second component of this answer referred to your knowledge of
research methods, it didn’t want any general evaluation points for the
approach....
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You have another person’s answers
Mark them with the knowledge you now have
about these particular questions
GIVE THEM FEEDBACK – TELL THEM
EXACTLY WHAT THEY NEED TO DO IN
ORDER TO GAIN FULL MARKS
We will be feeding back as a class on how we
can improve our performance on each
question