Transcript Sec. 4.2 Quiz-like Thing

Finishing off 4.2
 Monosomy:
the loss of a chro. as a result of non-disj.
(i.e., Turner Syndrome)
Trisomy: gain of an extra chro. – result of non-disj.
(i.e., Down Syndrome)
 Prenating
Genetic Testing: tests performed on a
fetus based on testing for genetic-based
abnormalities
Sec 4.3 Reproductive
Strategies and Technologies
We’ll be looking at
selective
breeding
artificial insemination
embryo transfer
cloning
… and a lot more
Selective Breeding
 The
process of breeding plants and
animals for desirable traits
 Appaloosas
is a selectively
bred horse
 $1,800
- $2,500
Artificial Insemination
 To
remember this, recall what “semen” is
Artificial Insemination
 To
remember this, recall what “semen” is
 Artificial
Insemination is the artifical transfer
of semen (collected and concentrated) into
a female’s reproductive track
Artificial Insemination
 To
remember this, recall what “semen” is
 Artificial
Insemination is the artifical transfer of
semen (collected and concentrated) into a
female’s reproductive track
 Benefit
of Art. Insem. over traditional methods is
it makes semen from high-quality males more
widely available (via breeders + online sources)
TIME FOR A VIDEO DEMONSTRATION – for extracting semen
Questions on next slide
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J538n44UPmA
Questions for extracting
horse semen video
1) What object is used for the horse to
ejaculate?
2) How often can we collect horse semen?
3) What is placed on the horse’s penis?
4) What are the safety requirements for this
task?
… more questions after first video
Questions for extracting
horse semen video
5) Why is the sample examined under a
microscope?
6) At what temperature / material is the
semen stored in?
7) How long can the semen be stored for?
Embryo Transfer
 Process
involves fertilizing an egg
artificially and then transferring it into a
recipient female
 Benefit:
embryos can be shipped very
easily (eliminates need to physically ship
an animal from on place to another)
Embryo Transfer
 Process
involves fertilizing an egg
artificially and then transferring it into a
recipient female
 Animals
born and raised in their native
environment do better than imported ones
Questions for Embryo
Transfer Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bfLsm
0XmCDE
1) What technology is used for this task?
2) What does MIP stand mean?
3) How successful is this method?
The Big Idea ..
 Artificial
insemination & embryo transfer
with modern genetic techniques
ensure quality of implanted embryos
Assisted Reproductive
Technologies (ART)
 Number
of tech. exist for couples unable
to conceive a child
Assisted Reproductive
Technologies (ART)

Number of tech. exist for couples unable to
conceive of a child

ART Example: IVF (In vitro fertilization) –
technique used to fertilize egg cells outside
the female’s body (i.e., women who have
Fallopian tubes block can use this)
Assisted Reproductive
Technologies (ART)
 ART
Example: IVF (In vitro fertilization) –
technique used to fertilize egg cells
outside the female’s body
 Offers
reproductive solution for women
with blocked Fallopian tubes
IVF
 Eggs
are combined with sperm in lab
glassware (called “test-tube babies”)
 After
fertilization, developing embryo is
placed in the uterus
IVF

Eggs are combined with sperm in lab glassware
(called “test-tube babies”)

After fertilization, developing embryo is placed
in the uterus
IVF

Eggs are combined with sperm in lab glassware
(called “test-tube babies”)

After fertilization, developing embryo is placed
in the uterus

Over 1.5 million babies born via IVF

Provides immeasurable hope to couples that
couldn’t conceive a child
Cloning:
Reproducing exact copies
 Cloning:
a process that produces identical
copies of genes, cells or organisms
Cloning:
Reproducing exact copies
 Cloning:
a process that produces identical
copies of genes, cells or organisms
 Gene
Cloning: involves DNA manipulation to
produce multiple copies of a single gene or
segment of DNA
Cloning:
Reproducing exact copies
 Cloning:
a process that produces identical
copies of genes, cells or organisms
 Gene
Cloning: involves DNA manipulation to
produce multiple copies of a single gene or
segment of DNA
Gene Cloning
 Example
of significance: Insulin (a hormone
enabling body to use sugar) is absent in
people with Diabetes type I
 Gene
cloning allows insulin to be produced by
cloning the insulin gene rather than getting
insulin from animals