Transcript MCA Test Prep Answers Part 1

MCA Test Preparation
Part 1
#1: (2 pts.)
5/5 = +2
4/5 = +1
3/5 = +1
<3 = +0
30 pts. total
Serves as a transport system
Others…
Makes proteins
Ribosomes
Holds genetic
Holds
geneticmaterial
material
Converts light
energy into
chemical energy
Chloroplast
Converts energy
usable
forms
Converts
energyinto
into
usable
(ATP) (ATP)
forms
Aides in
decomposition
Lysosome
Acts as a selectively permeable
barrier.
Packages and secretes
materials
#2. (1 pt.) Which statement describes the relationship between genes
and chromosomes?
a) Genes and chromosomes are similar sized strands of DNA.
b) Genes and chromosomes are organelles in the cell’s cytoplasm.
c) Chromosomes are segments of genes and code for a specific
protein.
d) Genes are segments of chromosomes and code for a specific
protein
#3: (1 pt.)
C
G
T
A
#4. (1 pt.) What carries information about an organism’s characteristics to the
ribosomes?
a) Amino Acids
b) Enzymes
c) Nucleic Acids (Specifically RNA)
d) Proteins
#5: (1 pt.)
Where does DNA replication occur in the cell?
+
#6. (1 pt.) The following diagram represents 2 processes that occur during
protein synthesis. Identify the processes by putting the correct labels from the
Process List into the empty boxes.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Mitosis
Meiosis
Mutation
Replication
Transcription
Translation
Transcription
Translation
#7. ( 2 pts.) Protein Synthesis occurs
in several steps. Put the 4 steps from
the list into the correct order in the
diagram.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Protein is completed
DNA is transcribed to mRNA
mRNA exits the nucleus
Amino acids form a long chain
4/4 = +2
3/4 = +1
2/4 = +1
<2 = +0
b) DNA is transcribed to
mRNA
c) mRNA exits the nucleus
d) Amino acids form a long
chain
a) Protein is completed
#8. (3 pts.) Many proteins produced during protein synthesis serve as enzymes in the
body.
3/3: A & B
a) Identify 1 characteristic shared by all enzymes.
•All proteins are made up of amino acids.
2/3: A & Partial B
•Products of protein synthesis
2/3: No A & Full B
•Assembled during translation
•Unique sequence of amino acids
1/3: Only A
•Instructions for assembly are coded on a gene.
1/3: Partial B
b) Describe 1 enzyme and its role in the body.
•Amylase – Breaks down starches in the digestive system
•Catalase – Breaks down hydrogen peroxide
•Lactase - Breaks down lactose
•Pepsin – Breaks down food proteins in the stomach
•Trypsin – Breaks down Proteins in the Digestive system
•Polymerase – Aids in the production of nucleic acids
•Helicase – Separates DNA for replication
•Restriction Enzymes – Cut DNA
#9. (2 pts.) Scientists understanding of DNA and related cell processes has increased
dramatically in recent decades. (2 pts.)
a) Name 1 advance in scientific technology and explain how it has contributed to
scientists’ understanding of DNA and related cell processes.
“The electron microscope because it allows scientists to be able to see and
study the DNA.”
a) Name another advance in scientific technology and explain how it has
contributed to scientists’ understanding of DNA and related cell processes.
“Computers because the scientist can graph the data and make models for
better understanding.” Gel Electrophoresis, Polymerase Chain Reactions,
Micropipettes, Di-deoxy-nucleotides, Stem Cells, etc.
2/2: Student correctly names two advances in scientific technology that have led
to an increased understanding of DNA and related processes. Student clearly and
accurately explains how both advances have contributed to this increased
understanding
1/2: Student correctly names and explains one advance in scientific technology
1/2: Student correctly names two advances but does not clearly explain their
contribution.
#10. (1 pt.) Sperm are produced during meiosis. Which statement describes the
products of meiosis?
a) Two genetically identical cells
b) Two genetically unique cells
c) Four genetically identical cells
d) Four genetically unique cells.
#11. (1 pt.) Somatic cells in dogs contain 78 chromosomes. How many
chromosomes do human somatic cells contain?
a) 23
b) 39
c) 46
d) 78
#12. (1 pt.) Which processes are responsible for transmitting genetic information
from parents to offspring in sexually reproducing organisms?
a) Mitosis & cytokinesis
b) Meiosis & fertilization
c) Transcription and translation
d) Cell division and embryo development
#13. (1 pt.) Which phase describes the genetic information contained in a dog’s
zygote?
a) A half set of chromosomes that are genetically identical to those of its
parents
b) A half set of chromosomes that are genetically different from those of its
parents
c) A full set of chromosomes that are genetically identical to those of its
parents
d) A full set of chromosomes that are genetically different from those of its
parents
#14. (1 pt.) From the genetic information given in this egg cell diagram and the
table of traits, which phenotype does the mother certainly show?
a) Long Hair
b) Short Hair
c) Curled tail
d) Straight tail
#15. (1 pt.) What is the chance that an
offspring of this cross will have a straight
tail?
a) 0%
b) 25%
c) 50%
d) 100%
#16. (1 pt.) The offspring of these parents was crossed with another dog that is
homozygous recessive for tail shape. Show this cross by putting the correct genotype
into the 2 black spaces.
Tt
tt
#17. (1 pt.) The offspring of these dogs is heterozygous for hair length and
homozygous recessive for tail shape. Identify the dog’s genotype by moving 2 gene
labels into the box below the dog.
Hh
tt
#18. ( 2 pts.) Genetic technology is advancing very rapidly.
a) Give 1 example of a problem that may be understood better as genetic
technology continues to advance.
Genetic diseases
b) Explain how this problem may be solved with advancing technology.
We can use genetic technology to identify what genes are affected in
various genetic diseases and perhaps someday we will be able to fix
the genes in vitro.
2/2: Student gives an example of a problem that may be understood
better as genetic technology advances and student explains how this
problem may be solved with advancing technology.
1/2: Student gives an example of a problem that may be understood
better as genetic technology advances.
1/2: Student explains how a problem may be solved with advancing
technology.
#19. (3 pts.) Gregor Mendel was the first person to scientifically study heredity. He
discovered the laws of segregation and independent assortment.
a) Describe how Mendel studied heredity.
“By working with pea plants, he was able to keep accounts of traits passed
down through generations and cross plants with different traits to see
how it affected the offspring.”
b) Write 1 question about inheritance that was answered by Mendel’s work.
“Why do some traits skip generations?”
c) Write 1 more question about inheritance that was answered by Mendel’s work.
“Why do offspring have only certain traits from one parent and other traits
from another parent?”
3/3: Student clearly describes how Mendel studied inheritance and gives two questions about inheritance that were
answered by Mendel’s work.
2/3: Student clearly describes how Mendel studied inheritance and gives one question about the inheritance that
was answered by Mendel’s work.
2/3: Student gives two questions about inheritance that was answered by Mendel’s work but does not clearly
describe how Mendel studied inheritance.
1/3:Student gives one question about inheritance that was answered by Mendel’s work but fails to clearly describe
how Mendel studied inheritance.
1/3: Student clearly describes how Mendel studied inheritance, but does not give a question about inheritance that
was answered by Mendel’s work.
#20. (3 pts.) Gregor Mendel was the first person to scientifically study
inheritance. His hypotheses about segregation and independent assortment are
now considered to be laws of genetics.
a) Define the terms law and hypothesis.
•“A law is a general description of how something happens.”
•“A hypothesis is a statement that can be tested.”
b) Explain how a scientific law differs from a hypothesis.
•“Many scientists have tested a law, while a hypothesis may just be
one individual’s idea.”
3/3: Student correctly defines scientific law and hypothesis and
correctly explains how a law differs from a hypothesis.
2/3: Student correctly completes two of the three assigned tasks.
1/3: Student completes one of the three assigned tasks.
30 Points Total