Transcript King George III (6/4/1738

Presidential Illness
William Henry Harrison
Zachary Taylor
Grover Cleveland
Woodrow Wilson
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
George H.W. and George W. Bush
King George III
(6/4/1738-1/29/1820)
The Madness of King George III
• First signs of
dementia in 17881789
• Institutionalized at
Windsor Castle from
1811-1820
Porphyria
• Caused by a
dominant allele that
alters the shape of
the porphyrin ring in
hemoglobin
• Symptoms include
insanity, extreme
photosensitivity, itchy
skin and dark urine
How Do We Know King George
Had Porphyria
(and not Arsenic Poisoning?)
Why Are Royal Families Useful
For Genetic Research?
Mdekwanton
Mdekwanton Geneology
• All members of the
Mdekwanton tribe
(Lakota Sioux Nation)
receive tax free
income due to their
ancestry
• Must prove you are at
least 25%
Mdekwanton by blood
Pedigree Analyses
• Diagrams that
demonstrate possible
modes of inheritance
for various traits
through careful
organization of
demographic and
phenotypic data
(i.e. person in question)
How Can Pedigree Diagrams Be Used
To Determine The Mode of Inheritance
For A Given Trait?
Four Modes of Inheritance
Autosomal Dominant
• 75% of traits are
governed by
autosomal dominant
inheritance
• As long as one
dominant allele is
received, the
phenotype will be
dominant
Pedigree Characteristics of
Autosomal Dominant Inheritance
• Trait is found in all
generations
• Equal sex-distribution
among males and
females
Example: Huntington’s Chorea
Huntington’s Chorea Effects
Autosomal Recessive
• Both copies of
the recessive
allele must be
received to
express the
recessive
phenotype
Tay Sachs Disease
• Recessive allele causes
buildup of a fatty
material called GM2 to
build up around nerve
cells, inhibiting their
function
• Fatal by age 5
• No cure
• First noted by red spot
in back of retina
Tay Sachs Inheritance
Non-Autosomal/Sex-Linked
Dominant Inheritance
• Traits must be
carried on either
the X or Y
chromosome
Pedigree Characteristics of
Sex-Linked Dominant Inheritance
• Present In Every
Generation
• Less frequent in
males due to
pleiotropy
• Affected fathers must
have affected
daughters (if x-linked)
Non-Autosomal/Sex-Linked
Recessive Inheritance
• Trait is located on X
or Y chromosome
• Trait may be masked
by dominant allele if X
chromosomes appear
as homologous pair
(i.e. female)
Pedigree Characteristics of
Sex-Linked Recessive Inheritance
• Skipping of
generations
• One sex
unequally
represented in
phenotypic
outcomes
Hemophilia & The Royal Houses of Europe